English

Birkhoff-James orthogonality and smoothness of bounded linear operators

Functional Analysis 2024-07-30 v5

Abstract

We present a sufficient condition for smoothness of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces for the first time. Let T,AB(X,Y),T, A \in B(\mathbb{X}, \mathbb{Y}), where X\mathbb{X} is a real Banach space and Y\mathbb{Y} is a real normed linear space. We find sufficient condition for TBATxBAx T \bot_{B} A \Leftrightarrow Tx \bot_{B} Ax for some xSX x \in S_{\mathbb{X}} with Tx=T, \|Tx\| = \|T\|, and use it to show that TT is a smooth point in B(X,Y) B(\mathbb{X}, \mathbb{Y}) if TT attains its norm at unique (upto muliplication by scalar) vector xSX, x \in S_{\mathbb{X}}, TxTx is a smooth point of Y\mathbb{Y} and {\em sup}yCTy<T_{y \in C} \|Ty\| < \|T\| for all closed subsets CC of SXS_{\mathbb{X}} with d(±x,C)>0.d(\pm x,C) > 0. For operators on a Hilbert space H \mathbb{H} we show that TBATxBAx T \bot_{B} A \Leftrightarrow Tx \bot_{B} Ax for some xSH x \in S_{\mathbb{H}} with Tx=T \|Tx\| = \|T\| if and only if the norm attaining set MT={xSH:Tx=T}=SH0M_T = \{ x \in S_{\mathbb{H}} : \|Tx\| = \|T\| \} = S_{H_0} for some finite dimensional subspace H0H_0 and THo<T. \|T\|_{{H_o}^{\bot}} < \|T\|. We also characterize smoothness of compact operators on normed spaces and bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1503.03683,
  title  = {Birkhoff-James orthogonality and smoothness of bounded linear operators},
  author = {Kallol Paul and Debmalya Sain and Puja Ghosh},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.03683},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

11 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-22T08:51:05.799Z