A Three-Tier Time-Scale Architecture for Controlling Complex Nonlinear Systems
Optimization and Control
2026-01-06 v1
Abstract
This letter proposes a three-tier computational architecture for the real-time control of nonlinear complex systems, such as time-dependent PDEs. There is an important class of such problems for which existing single- and two-time-scale approaches are fundamentally insufficient due to lack of a priori system knowledge, computational complexity, model fidelity requirements, and uncertainty. The proposed architecture consists of an offline, meso-scale, and real-time layer of computation, with distinct roles for each layer and specific information flow between them. The result is a practical systems-level paradigm that enables real-time operation of complex nonlinear control problems.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2601.01621,
title = {A Three-Tier Time-Scale Architecture for Controlling Complex Nonlinear Systems},
author = {Vyacheslav Kungurtsev},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.01621},
year = {2026}
}