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Leggett and Garg formulated macrorealist models encoding our intuition on classical systems, i.e., physical quantities have a definite value that can be measured with minimal disturbance, and with the goal of testing macroscopic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-26 Giuseppe Vitagliano , Costantino Budroni

Experimental tests of Bell inequalities ought to take into account all detection events. If the latter are postselected, and only some of these events are included in the statistical analysis, a Bell inequality may be violated, even by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Asher Peres

We show that Bell inequalities can be violated in the macroscopic world. The macroworld violation is illustrated using an example involving connected vessels of water. We show that whether the violation of inequalities occurs in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Diederik Aerts , Sven Aerts , Jan Broekaert , Liane Gabora

It has been believed that statistical inequality such as Bell inequality should be modified once measurement independence (MI), the assumption that observers can freely choose measurement settings without changing the probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-19 Minsu Kim , Jinhyoung Lee , Sang Wook Kim

Bell conditions for local realism are critically revisited. In particular for optical experiments I criticize Bell's proposed response of detectors to signals as extremely idealized. More physical conditions are proposed, whence a realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Emilio Santos

In the first part of this presentation (sections 2 to 6), I show that Bell's Inequalities provide a quantitative criterion to test "reasonable" Supplementary Parameters Theories versus Quantum Mechanics. Following Bell, I first explain the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alain Aspect

According to Bell's theorem, the degree of correlation between spatially separated measurements on a quantum system is limited by certain inequalities if one assumes the condition of locality. Quantum mechanics predicts that this limit can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 A. Venugopalan , Deepak Kumar , R. Ghosh

We show one can use classical fields to modify a quantum optics experiment so that Bell's inequalities will be violated. This happens with continuous random variables that are local, but we need to use the correlation matrix to prove there…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Patrick Suppes , J. Acacio de Barros , Adonai S. Sant'Anna

The Bell inequalities can be violated by postselecting on the results of a measurement of the Bell states. If information about the original state preparation is available, we point out how the violation can be reproduced classically by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 G. Bacciagaluppi , R. Hermens

Bell nonlocality is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum physics as well as an essential resource for various tasks in quantum information processing. It is known that for the observation of nonlocality the measurements on a quantum system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Martin Plávala , Otfried Gühne , Marco Túlio Quintino

Relevant aspects for testing Bell inequalities with entangled meson-antimeson systems are analyzed. In particular, we argue that the result of A. Go, J. Mod. Optics 51, 991 (2004), which nicely illustrate the quantum entanglement of B-meson…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. A. Bertlmann , A. Bramon , G. Garbarino , B. C. Hiesmayr

Recently there has been an increased interest in possible tests of locality via Bell's inequality or tests of entanglement at colliders, in particular at the LHC. These have involved various physical processes, such as $t \bar t$, or…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-23 Steven A. Abel , Herbi K. Dreiner , Rhitaja Sengupta , Lorenzo Ubaldi

Bell's theorem revealed that a local hidden-variable model cannot completely reproduce the quantum mechanical predictions. Bell's inequality provides an upper bound under the locality and reality assumptions that can be violated by…

General Physics · Physics 2024-02-26 Md. Manirul Ali

Collapse-locality is an untested loophole in the violation of Bell's inequalities. The core of the argument is that the time value of photon detection is delayed by the time Tc required by the collapse of its quantum state. The value of Tc…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Mónica Agüero , Juliana Bourdieu , Alejandro Hnilo , Marcelo Kovalsky , Myriam Nonaka

Quantum mechanics allows for coherent control over the order in which different processes take place on a target system, giving rise to a new feature known as indefinite causal order. Indefinite causal order provides a resource for quantum…

Analyzing the spreading of information in many-body systems is crucial to understanding their quantum dynamics. At the most fundamental level, this task is accomplished by Bell inequalities, whose violation by quantum mechanics implies that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Andrea Tononi , Maciej Lewenstein

We present a prescription for obtaining Bell's inequalities for N>2 observers involving more than two alternative measurement settings. We give examples of some families of such inequalities. The inequalities are violated by certain classes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Brukner , W. Laskowski , T. Paterek , M. Zukowski

Scientific inquiry seeks causal explanations of observed phenomena. The Bell experiment provides a paradigmatic case, revealing correlations between spatially separated systems that no local model can reproduce. Such correlations, known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Mark Broom , Talel Naccache , Emmanuel M. Pothos , Christoph Gallus , Pawel Blasiak

The observation that violating Bell inequalities with high probability is possible even when the local measurements are randomly chosen, as occurs when local measurements cannot be suitably calibrated or the parties do not share a common…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-06 Esteban S. Gómez , Gustavo Cañas , Johanna F. Barra , Adán Cabello , Gustavo Lima

Based on the new general framework for the probabilistic description of experiments, introduced in quant-ph/0305126, quant-ph/0312199, we analyze in mathematical terms the link between the validity of Bell-type inequalities under joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena R. Loubenets