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Physical Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are inherently noisy as ideal ones would require infinite energy. While this is typically considered as a deficiency to be actively corrected, this work demonstrates that imperfect GKP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Fariba Hosseinynejad , Pavithran Iyer , Guillaume Dauphinais , David L. Feder

Current quantum computing hardware is restricted by the availability of only few, noisy qubits which limits the investigation of larger, more complex molecules in quantum chemistry calculations on quantum computers in the near-term. In this…

To any action of a compact quantum group on a von Neumann algebra which is a direct sum of factors we associate an equivalence relation corresponding to the partition of a space into orbits of the action. We show that in case all factors…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Kenny De Commer , Paweł Kasprzak , Adam Skalski , Piotr M. Sołtan

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

We investigate the generation of quantum states and unitary operations that are ``random'' in certain respects. We show how to use such states to estimate the average fidelity, an important measure in the study of implementations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christoph Dankert

Quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and matchgates are two classes of circuits that are known to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer. We introduce a unified framework that shows in a transparent way the special structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Igor Ermakov , Oleg Lychkovskiy , Tim Byrnes

The paper is devoted to projective Clifford groups of quantum $N$-dimensional systems. Clearly, Clifford gates allow only the simplest quantum computations which can be simulated on a classical computer (Gottesmann-Knill theorem). However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-05 Miroslav Korbelář , Jiří Tolar

Despite the exponential overhead to describe general multi-qubit quantum states and processes, efficient methods for certain state families and operations have been developed and utilised. The stabilizer formalism and the Gottesman-Knill…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Wolfgang Dür

This paper introduces a novel abstraction for programming quantum operations, specifically projective Cliffords, as functions over the qudit Pauli group. Generalizing the idea behind Pauli tableaux, we introduce a type system and lambda…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Jennifer Paykin , Sam Winnick

We revisit the Pauli-Clifford connection to introduce a real, grade-preserving algebraic framework for $n$-qubit quantum computation based on the tensor product $C\ell_{2,0}(\mathbb{R})^{\otimes n}$. In this setting, the bivector $J =…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Kagwe A. Muchane

Gottesman-Knill theorem states that computations on stabilizer circuits can be simulated on a classical computer, conventional simulation algorithms extensively use linear algebra over bit strings. For instance, given a non-adaptive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Vsevolod I. Yashin

Stabiliser operations occupy a prominent role in fault-tolerant quantum computing. They are defined operationally: by the use of Clifford gates, Pauli measurements and classical control. These operations can be efficiently simulated on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Arne Heimendahl , Markus Heinrich , David Gross

The recent proposal (M Planat and M Kibler, Preprint 0807.3650 [quantph]) of representing Clifford quantum gates in terms of unitary reflections is revisited. In this essay, the geometry of a Clifford group G is expressed as a BN-pair, i.e.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michel Planat , Patrick Solé

Typically, quantum mechanics is thought of as a linear theory with unitary evolution governed by the Schr\"odinger equation. While this is technically true and useful for a physicist, with regards to computation it is an unfortunately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-20 Dax Enshan Koh , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Theodore J. Yoder

Though Cliffords and matchgates are both examples of classically simulable circuits, they are considered simulable for different reasons. The celebrated Gottesman-Knill explains the simulability Cliffords, and the efficient simulability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Andrew M. Projansky , Jason Necaise , James D. Whitfield

The Gottesman-Knill theorem allows for the efficient simulation of stabilizer-based quantum error-correction circuits. Errors in these circuits are commonly modeled as depolarizing channels by using Monte Carlo methods to insert Pauli gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-27 Mauricio Gutiérrez , Lukas Svec , Alexander Vargo , Kenneth R. Brown

Clifford theory relates the representation theory of finite groups to those of a fixed normal subgroup by means of induction and restriction, which is an adjoint pair of functors. We generalize this result to the situation of a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Alexander Zimmermann

By encoding a qudit in a harmonic oscillator and investigating the d --> infinity limit, we give an entirely new realization of continuous-variable quantum computation. The generalized Pauli group is generated by number and phase operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Barry C Sanders , Stephen D. Bartlett , Hubert de Guise

Quantum circuits are considered more powerful than classical circuits and require exponential resources to simulate classically. Clifford circuits are a special class of quantum circuits that can be simulated in polynomial time but still…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yuchen Pang , Edgar Solomonik

The Clifford group plays a central role in quantum information science. It is the building block for many error-correcting schemes and matches the first three moments of the Haar measure over the unitary group -a property that is essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Lennart Bittel , Jens Eisert , Lorenzo Leone , Antonio A. Mele , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero