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We propose a heralded quantum repeater based on the scattering of photons off single emitters in one-dimensional waveguides. We show the details by implementing nonlocal entanglement generation, entanglement swapping, and entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Guo-Zhu Song , Mei Zhang , Qing Ai , Guo-Jian Yang , Ahmed Alsaedi , Aatef Hobiny , Fu-Guo Deng

One-way quantum repeaters where loss and operational errors are counteracted by quantum error correcting codes can ensure fast and reliable qubit transmission in quantum networks. It is crucial that the resource requirements of such…

We investigate quantum repeater protocols based upon atomic qubit-entanglement distribution through optical coherent-state communication. Various measurement schemes for an optical mode entangled with two spatially separated atomic qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-14 Peter van Loock , Norbert Lütkenhaus , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

The use of quantum scissors, as candidates for non-deterministic amplifiers, in continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems is investigated. Such devices rely on single-photon sources for their operation and as such, they do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-16 Masoud Ghalaii , Carlo Ottaviani , Rupesh Kumar , Stefano Pirandola , Mohsen Razavi

We study the feasibility of meaningful proof-of-principle demonstrations of several quantum repeater protocols with photon (single-photon and photon-pair) sources and atomic-ensemble based quantum memories. We take into account non-unit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Yufeng Wu , Jianlong Liu , Christoph Simon

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Olivia Lee , Tom Vergoossen

Long-distance quantum communication necessitates the use of quantum repeaters, which typically include highly coherent quantum memories. We provide a theoretical analysis of the secret key rates for a quantum repeater system incorporating…

Quantum repeaters are proposed to overcome exponential photon loss over distance in fibers. One-way quantum repeaters eliminate the need for two-way classical communications, which can potentially outperform quantum memory based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Yisheng Lei

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows secure communication without relying on computational assumptions, but can currently only be deployed over relatively short distances due to hardware constraints. To extend QKD over long distances,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Ailsa Robertson , Christian Schaffner , Sebastian R. Verschoor

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication guaranteed by the laws of physics. The last decades have seen tremendous efforts in making this technology feasible under real-life conditions, with implementations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sebastian Philipp Neumann , Domenico Ribezzo , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

In present-day quantum communications, one of the main problems is the lack of a quantum repeater design that can simultaneously secure high rates and long distances. Recent literature has established the end-to-end capacities that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

We consider the problem of quantum communication mediated by an optical refocusing system, which is schematized as a thin lens with a finite pupil. This model captures the basic features of all those situations in which a signal is either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-26 Cosmo Lupo , Vittorio Giovannetti , Stefano Pirandola , Stefano Mancini , Seth Lloyd

Quantum repeaters with multiple quantum memories provide high throughput, low latency, and high fidelity quantum state (qubit) transfer over long distances. However, conventional quantum repeater protocols require full connections among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Yuhei Sekiguchi , Satsuki Okumura , Hideo Kosaka

A global quantum repeater network involving satellite-based links is likely to have advantages over fiber-based networks in terms of long-distance communication, since the photon losses in free space scale only polynomially with the…

We present a "hybrid quantum repeater" protocol for the long-distance distribution of atomic entangled states beyond qubits. In our scheme, imperfect noisy entangled pairs of two qudits, i.e., two discrete-variable $d$-level systems, each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

Airborne quantum key distribution (QKD) is now becoming a flexible bond between terrestrial fiber and satellite, which is an efficient solution to establish a mobile, on-demand, and real-time coverage quantum network. Furthermore, When the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-19 Hui-Cun Yu , Bang-Ying Tang , Huan Chen , Yang Xue , Jie Tang , Wan-Rong Yu , Bo Liu , Lei Shi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sebastian Kish , Josef Pieprzyk , Seyit Camtepe

Secure communication over long distances is one of the major problems of modern informatics. Classical transmissions are recognized to be vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. Remarkably, the same quantum mechanics that engenders quantum…

Proposed in 1984, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange provably secure keys via a potentially insecure quantum channel. Since then, QKD has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made in both…