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Quantum repeaters are used to overcome the exponential photon loss scaling that quantum states acquire as they are transmitted over long distances. While repeaters for discrete variable encodings of quantum information have existed for some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-08 Josephine Dias , Matthew S. Winnel , William J. Munro , Timothy C. Ralph , Kae Nemoto

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables information-theoretic secure communication, yet its ultimate tolerance to noise and achievable transmission distance remain fundamentally constrained. We establish the maximum quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Stefano Pirandola

We propose an architecture of quantum-error-correction-based quantum repeaters that combines techniques used in discrete- and continuous-variable quantum information. Specifically, we propose to encode the transmitted qubits in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-24 Filip Rozpędek , Kyungjoo Noh , Qian Xu , Saikat Guha , Liang Jiang

Quantum communication is a secure way to transfer quantum information and to communicate with legitimate parties over distant places in a network. Although communication over a long distance has already been attained, technical problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Bikash K. Behera , Swarnadeep Seth , Antariksha Das , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

To realize long-distance quantum communication, it is crucial to design quantum repeater architectures that can deal with transmission losses and operational errors. Code concatenation of photonic graph codes is a promising way to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Love Pettersson , Anders S. Sørensen

In quantum mechanics, a fundamental law prevents quantum communications to simultaneously achieve high rates and long distances. This limitation is well known for point-to-point protocols, where two parties are directly connected by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-06 Stefano Pirandola

Long-distance quantum communication requires reliable entanglement distribution, but direct generation with protocols such as Barrett--Kok suffers from exponentially decreasing success probability with distance, making it impractical over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Wenhan Li , Shiyu Zhang

We propose a hybrid quantum repeater based on ancillary coherent field states and material qubits coupled to optical cavities. For this purpose, resonant qubit-field interactions and postselective field measurements are determined which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 J. Z. Bernád

Quantum networks (QNs) are a promising platform for secure communications, enhanced sensing, and efficient distributed quantum computing. However, due to the fragile nature of quantum states, these networks face significant challenges in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Mahdi Chehimi , Shahrooz Pouryousef , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Don Towsley , Walid Saad

Quantum repeaters promise to deliver long-distance entanglement overcoming noise and loss in realistic quantum channels. A promising class of repeaters, based on atomic ensemble quantum memories and linear optics, follow the proposal by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-05 Jonatan Bohr Brask , Anders Sondberg Sorensen

We propose a heralded quantum repeater protocol based on the general interface between the circularly polarized photon and the quantum dot embedded in a double-sided optical microcavity. Our effective time-bin encoding on photons results in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-10 Tao Li , Guo-Jian Yang , Fu-Guo Deng

A quantum repeater at telecommunications wavelengths with long-lived atomic memory is proposed, and its critical elements are experimentally demonstrated using a cold atomic ensemble. Via atomic cascade emission, an entangled pair of 1530…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Chaneliere , D. N. Matsukevich , S. D. Jenkins , T. A. B. Kennedy , M. S. Chapman , A. Kuzmich

Quantum key distribution (QKD) will most likely be an integral part of any practical quantum network in the future. However, not all QKD protocols can be used in today's networks because of the lack of single-photon emitters and noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

Higher transmission loss diminishes the performance of optical communication|be it the rate at which classical or quantum data can be sent reliably, or the secure key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD). Loss compounds with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-09 Ryo Namiki , Oleg Gittsovich , Saikat Guha , Norbert Lütkenhaus

A full-fledged quantum network relies on the formation of entangled links between remote location with the help of quantum repeaters. The famous Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller quantum repeater protocol is based on long distance single-photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Chen-Long Li. Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

We propose a new approach to implement quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communication. Our protocol generates a backbone of encoded Bell pairs and uses the procedure of classical error correction during simultaneous entanglement…

In quantum networking, repeater hijacking menaces the security and utility of quantum applications. To deal with this problem, it is important to take a measure of the impact of quantum repeater hijacking. First, we quantify the workload of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Takahiko Satoh , Shota Nagayama , Rodney Van Meter

Efficient quantum repeaters are needed to combat photon losses in fibers in future quantum networks. Single atom coupled with photonic cavity offers a great platform for photon-atom gate. Here I propose a quantum repeater scheme with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Yisheng Lei

Quantum information degrades over distance due to the unavoidable imperfections of the transmission channels, with loss as the leading factor. This simple fact hinders quantum communication, as it relies on propagating quantum systems. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-29 Filippo M. Miatto , Michael Epping , Norbert Lutkenhaus
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