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Related papers: The limits of counterfactual computation

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Transparency is an essential requirement of machine learning based decision making systems that are deployed in real world. Often, transparency of a given system is achieved by providing explanations of the behavior and predictions of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Three recent arguments seek to show that the universal applicability of unitary quantum theory is inconsistent with the assumption that a well-conducted measurement always has a definite physical outcome. In this paper I restate and analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Richard A. Healey

Sequential hypothesis testing asks for decision rules that update as data arrive. A natural goal is \emph{eventual correctness}: the rule may change its mind early on, but it should make only finitely many wrong decisions almost surely.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Amir Leshem

Computation codes in network information theory are designed for the scenarios where the decoder is not interested in recovering the information sources themselves, but only a function thereof. K\"orner and Marton showed for distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Jingge Zhu , Sung Hoon Lim , Michael Gastpar

Counterfactual explanations are one of the most popular methods to make predictions of black box machine learning models interpretable by providing explanations in the form of `what-if scenarios'. Most current approaches optimize a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-16 Susanne Dandl , Christoph Molnar , Martin Binder , Bernd Bischl

We consider protocols where users communicate with multiple servers to perform a computation on the users' data. An adversary exerts semi-honest control over many of the parties but its view is differentially private with respect to honest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Albert Cheu , Chao Yan

Work in Counterfactual Explanations tends to focus on the principle of "the closest possible world" that identifies small changes leading to the desired outcome. In this paper we argue that while this approach might initially seem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Rafael Poyiadzi , Kacper Sokol , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Tijl De Bie , Peter Flach

We present here a generalization of the work done by Rabin and Ben-Or. We give a protocol for multiparty computation which tolerates any Q^2 active adversary structure based on the existence of a broadcast channel, secure communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Adam Smith , Anton Stiglic

Counterfactual explanations are widely used to interpret machine learning predictions by identifying minimal changes to input features that would alter a model's decision. However, most existing counterfactual methods have not been tested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Leonidas Christodoulou , Chang Sun

We consider after-study statistical inference for sequentially designed experiments wherein multiple units are assigned treatments for multiple time points using treatment policies that adapt over time. Our goal is to provide inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Raaz Dwivedi , Katherine Tian , Sabina Tomkins , Predrag Klasnja , Susan Murphy , Devavrat Shah

While probability theory is normally applied to external environments, there has been some recent interest in probabilistic modeling of the outputs of computations that are too expensive to run. Since mathematical logic is a powerful tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Scott Garrabrant , Benya Fallenstein , Abram Demski , Nate Soares

Can a computer which runs for time $\omega^2$ compute more than one which runs for time $\omega$? No. Not, at least, for the infinite computer we describe. Our computer gets more powerful when the set of its steps gets larger. We prove that…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ryan Bissell-Siders

In this short note we report on results on a computational search for a counterexample to the strong coincidence conjecture. In particular, we discuss the method used so that further searches can be conducted.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-06-19 Scott Balchin

A multiparty computation protocol is described in which the parties can generate different probability events that is based on the sharing of a single anonymized random number, and also perform oblivious transfer. A method to verify the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Subhash Kak

Counterfactual post-hoc interpretability approaches have been proven to be useful tools to generate explanations for the predictions of a trained blackbox classifier. However, the assumptions they make about the data and the classifier make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Thibault Laugel , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Marcin Detyniecki

Counterfactual explanation methods provide information on how feature values of individual observations must be changed to obtain a desired prediction. Despite the increasing amount of proposed methods in research, only a few…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Susanne Dandl , Andreas Hofheinz , Martin Binder , Bernd Bischl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

Counterfactual analysis is intuitively performed by humans on a daily basis eg. "What should I have done differently to get the loan approved?". Such counterfactual questions also steer the formulation of scientific hypotheses. More…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Juliane Weilbach , Sebastian Gerwinn , Melih Kandemir , Martin Fraenzle

In this first of two papers, strong limits on the accuracy of physical computation are established. First it is proven that there cannot be a physical computer C to which one can pose any and all computational tasks concerning the physical…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 David H. Wolpert

LLMs can be unpredictable, as even slight alterations to the prompt can cause the output to change in unexpected ways. Thus, the ability of models to accurately explain their behavior is critical, especially in high-stakes settings. One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Marvin Limpijankit , Yanda Chen , Melanie Subbiah , Nicholas Deas , Kathleen McKeown

With experimental quantum computing technologies now in their infancy, the search for efficient means of testing the correctness of these quantum computations is becoming more pressing. An approach to the verification of quantum computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Matty J. Hoban , Elham Kashefi
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