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Logical information theory is the quantitative version of the logic of partitions just as logical probability theory is the quantitative version of the dual Boolean logic of subsets. The resulting notion of information is about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-06 David Ellerman

Hybrid classical-quantum systems are of interest in numerous fields, from quantum chemistry to quantum information science. A fully quantum effective description of them is straightforward to formulate when the classical subsystem is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 S. Camalet

Quantum processes cannot be reduced, in a nontrivial way, to classical processes without specifying the context in the description of a measurement procedure. This requirement is implied by the Kochen-Specker theorem in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 A. Montina , S. Wolf

We review the Consistent Amplitude approach to Quantum Theory and argue that quantum probabilities are explicitly Bayesian. In this approach amplitudes are tools for inference. They codify objective information about how complicated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Ariel Caticha

A quantum probability model is introduced and used to explain human probability judgment errors including the conjunction, disjunction, inverse, and conditional fallacies, as well as unpacking effects and partitioning effects. Quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-16 Jerome R. Busemeyer , Riccardo Franco , Emmanuel M. Pothos

Bayes' theorem incorporates distinct types of information through the likelihood and prior. Direct observations of state variables enter the likelihood and modify posterior probabilities through consistent updating. Information in terms of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-19 Duncan K. Foley , Ellis Scharfenaker

The Shannon entropy, and related quantities such as mutual information, can be used to quantify uncertainty and relevance. However, in practice, it can be difficult to compute these quantities for arbitrary probability distributions,…

Computation · Statistics 2017-10-11 Brendon J. Brewer

Decision theories offer principled methods for making choices under various types of uncertainty. Algorithms that implement these theories have been successfully applied to a wide range of real-world problems, including materials and drug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Agustinus Kristiadi

We present a somewhat different way of looking on Shannon entropy. This leads to an axiomatisation of Shannon entropy that is essentially equivalent to that of Fadeev. In particular we give a new proof of Fadeev theorem.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Tomasz Sobieszek

Nowadays, g-mode detection is based upon a priori theoretical knowledge. By doing so, detection becomes more restricted to what we can imagine. De facto, the universe of possibilities is made narrower. Such an approach is pertinent for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Appourchaux

We discuss how the apparently objective probabilities predicted by quantum mechanics can be treated in the framework of Bayesian probability theory, in which all probabilities are subjective. Our results are in accord with earlier work by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Mark Srednicki

Bayesian probability theory is one of the most successful frameworks to model reasoning under uncertainty. Its defining property is the interpretation of probabilities as degrees of belief in propositions about the state of the world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Pedro A. Ortega

We produce a probabilistic space from logic, both classical and quantum, which is in addition partially ordered in such a way that entropy is monotone. In particular do we establish the following equation: Quantitative Probability = Logic +…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Bob Coecke

This paper is generally concerned with understanding how the uncertainty principle arises in formulations of quantum mechanics, such as the decoherent histories approach, whose central goal is the assignment of probabilities to histories.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 J. J. Halliwell

The information content of a source is defined in terms of the minimum number of bits needed to store the output of the source in a perfectly recoverable way. A similar definition can be given in the case of quantum sources, with qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-03 Paolo Perinotti , Alessandro Tosini , Leonardo Vaglini

We give an introductory account of the general boundary formulation of quantum theory. We refine its probability interpretation and emphasize a conceptual and historical perspective. We give motivations from quantum gravity and illustrate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-08-06 Robert Oeckl

We have presented a new axiomatic derivation of Shannon Entropy for a discrete probability distribution on the basis of the postulates of additivity and concavity of the entropy function.We have then modified shannon entropy to take account…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. G. Chakrabarti , Indranil Chakrabarty

Bayes' rule $\mathbb{P}(B|A)\mathbb{P}(A)=\mathbb{P}(A|B)\mathbb{P}(B)$ is one of the simplest yet most profound, ubiquitous, and far-reaching results of classical probability theory, with applications in any field utilizing statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Arthur J. Parzygnat , James Fullwood

We argue here about the relevance and the ultimate unity of the Bayesian approach in a neutral and agnostic manner. Our main theme is that Bayesian data analysis is an effective tool for handling complex models, as proven by the increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-03-26 Christian P. Robert

This paper offers a comprehensive introduction to Bayesian inference, combining historical context, theoretical foundations, and core analytical examples. Beginning with Bayes' theorem and the philosophical distinctions between Bayesian and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Juan Sosa , Carlos A. Martínez , Danna Cruz