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In a secure bit commitment protocol involving only classical physics, A commits either a 0 or a 1 to B. If quantum information is used in the protocol, A may be able to commit a state of the form $\alpha \ket{0} + \beta \ket{1}$. If so, she…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Adrian Kent

The problem of reconstructing a sequence of independent and identically distributed symbols from a set of equal size, consecutive, fragments, as well as a dependent reference sequence, is considered. First, in the regime in which the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Nir Weinberger , Ilan Shomorony

We propose a new unconditionally secure bit commitment scheme based on Minkowski causality and the properties of quantum information. The receiving party sends a number of randomly chosen BB84 qubits to the committer at a given point in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Adrian Kent

Alice communicates with words drawn uniformly amongst $\{\ket{j}\}_{j=1..n}$, the canonical orthonormal basis. Sometimes however Alice interleaves quantum decoys $\{\frac{\ket{j}+i\ket{k}}{\sqrt{2}}\}$ between her messages. Such pairwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pablo Arrighi

Secure function evaluation is a two-party cryptographic primitive where Bob computes a function of Alice's and his respective inputs, and both hope to keep their inputs private from the other party. It has been proven that perfect (or near…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Sarah Osborn , Jamie Sikora

Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) allows two parties (Alice and Bob) to create a shared secret key, even if one of these parties (say, Alice) is classical. However, most SQKD protocols suffer from severe practical security problems when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Walter O. Krawec , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor

In this thesis we explore the benefits of relativistic constraints for cryptography. We first revisit non-communicating models and its applications in the context of interactive proofs and cryptography. We propose bit commitment protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-03 Jędrzej Kaniewski

To clarify what is involved in linking models to instruments, we adapt quantum mechanics to define models that display explicitly the points at which they can be linked to statistics of results of the use of instruments. Extending an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John M. Myers , F. Hadi Madjid

Bit commitment schemes are at the basis of modern cryptography. Since information-theoretic security is impossible both in the classical and the quantum regime, we need to look at computationally secure commitment schemes. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-26 André Chailloux , Iordanis Kerenidis , Bill Rosgen

A pseudorandom code is a keyed error-correction scheme with the property that any polynomial number of encodings appear random to any computationally bounded adversary. We show that the pseudorandomness of any code tolerating a constant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Sanjam Garg , Sam Gunn , Mingyuan Wang

Over decades quantum cryptography has been intensively studied for unconditionally secured data transmission in a quantum regime. Due to the quantum loopholes caused by imperfect single photon detectors and/or lossy quantum channels,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Byoung S. Ham

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are a crucial ingredient for many protocols in quantum information processing. Measurements performed in these bases are unbiased to the maximally possible extent, which is used to prove randomness or secrecy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Mirdit Doda , Matej Pivoluska , Martin Plesch

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI QKD) protocol can reduce the requirement on the alignment of reference frames in practical systems. However, comparing with the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) QKD protocol, the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Hongwei Liu , Jipeng Wang , Haiqiang Ma , Shihai Sun

We study three notions of uncertainty quantification -- calibration, confidence intervals and prediction sets -- for binary classification in the distribution-free setting, that is without making any distributional assumptions on the data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-17 Chirag Gupta , Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

Inverse probability problems whose generative models are given by strictly nonlinear Gaussian random fields show the all-or-nothing behavior: There exists a critical rate at which Bayesian inference exhibits a phase transition. Below this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Ali Bereyhi , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Ralf R. Müller , Hermann Schulz-Baldes

We suggest a quantum cryptographic scheme using continuous EPR-like correlations of bright optical beams. For binary key encoding, the continuous information is discretized in a novel way by associating a respective measurement, amplitude…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ch. Silberhorn , N. Korolkova , G. Leuchs

Coin-flipping is a fundamental task in two-party cryptography where two remote mistrustful parties wish to generate a shared uniformly random bit. While quantum protocols promising near-perfect security exist for weak coin-flipping -- when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Atul Singh Arora , Carl A. Miller , Mauro E. S. Morales , Jamie Sikora

In this study, by establishing an identity for universal Osborn loops, two other identities(of degrees 4 and 6) are deduced from it and they are recognized and recommended for cryptography in a similar spirit in which the cross inverse…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-09 Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola , John Olushola Adeniran

We propose a framework to study models of computation of indeterministic data, represented by abstract "distributions". In these distributions, probabilities are replaced by "amplitudes" drawn from a fixed semi-ring $S$, of which the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Niel de Beaudrap

Oblivious transfer is a fundamental cryptographic primitive which is useful for secure multiparty computation. There are several variants of oblivious transfer. We consider 1 out of 2 oblivious transfer, where a sender sends two bits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 David Reichmuth , Ittoop Vergheese Puthoor , Petros Wallden , Erika Andersson