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A collection of orthonormal bases for a complex dXd Hilbert space is called mutually unbiased (MUB) if for any two vectors v and w from different bases the square of the inner product equals 1/d: |<v,w>| ^{2}=1/d. The MUB problem is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arthur O. Pittenger , Morton H. Rubin

A few simply-stated rules govern the entanglement patterns that can occur in mutually unbiased basis sets (MUBs), and constrain the combinations of such patterns that can coexist (ie, the stoichiometry) in full complements of p^N+1 MUBs. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Jay Lawrence

Mutually unbiased bases plays a central role in quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. As an important class of mutually unbiased bases, mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases (MUMEBs) in bipartite systems have attracted…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Dengming Xu

The connection between maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in a prime-power dimensional Hilbert space and finite phase-space geometries is well known. In this article we classify MUBs according to their degree of covariance with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-06-23 Claudio Carmeli , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) are closely connected with quantum physics, and the structure has a rich mathematical background. We provide equivalent criteria for extending a set of MUBs for $C^n$ by studying real points of a certain…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Arindam Banerjee , Kanoy Kumar Das , Ajeet Kumar , Rakesh Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra

In this work, the concept of mutually unbiased frames is introduced as the most general notion of unbiasedness for sets composed by linearly independent and normalized vectors. It encompasses the already existing notions of unbiasedness for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 F. Caro Perez , V. Gonzalez Avella , D. Goyeneche

Mutually unbiased measurements are a generalization of mutually unbiased bases in which the measurement operators need not to be rank one projectors. In a $d$-dimension space, the purity of measurement elements ranges from $1/d$ for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Mahdi Salehi , Seyed Javad Akhtarshenas , Mohsen Sarbishaei , Hakimeh Jaghouri

In the framework of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), a measurement in one basis gives \emph{no information} about the outcomes of measurements in another basis. Here, we relax the no-information condition by allowing the $d$ outcomes to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Seyed Javad Akhtarshenas , Saman Karimi , Mahdi Salehi

Mutually unbiased bases generalize the X, Y and Z qubit bases. They possess numerous applications in quantum information science. It is well-known that in prime power dimensions N=p^m (with p prime and m a positive integer) there exists a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Thomas Durt

Analogous to the notion of mutually unbiased bases for Hilbert spaces, we consider mutually unbiased unitary bases (MUUB) for the space of operators, $M(d, \mathbb{C})$, acting on such Hilbert spaces. The notion of MUUB reflects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 Rinie N. M. Nasir , Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Stefano Mancini

Finite geometry is used to underpin finite, two d-dimensional particles Hilbert space, d=prime 6= 2. A central role is allotted to states with mutual unbiased bases (MUB) labeling. Dual affine plane geometry (DAPG) points underpin single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-11 M. Revzen

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) play a crucial role in numerous applications within quantum information science, such as quantum state tomography, error correction, entanglement detection, and quantum cryptography. Utilizing \(2^n + 1\) MUB…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Wang Yu , Wu Dongsheng

In this contribution we group the operator basis for d^2 dimensional Hilbert space in a way that enables us to relate bases of entangled states with single particle mutually unbiased state bases (MUB), each in dimensionality d. We utilize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Kalev , F. C. Khanna , M. Revzen

We study mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) as structured finite initialization and adaptation families for variational quantum algorithms. The main theoretical result is that, in every dimension admitting a complete set of MUBs, the complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Abed Semre , Steven Frankel

The two observables are complementary if they cannot be measured simultaneously, however they become maximally complementary if their eigenstates are mutually unbiased. Only then the measurement of one observable gives no information about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Pawel Kurzynski , Wawrzyniec Kaszub , Mikolaj Czechlewski

The basic combinatorial properties of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) of a q-dimensional Hilbert space H\_q, q = p^r with p being a prime and r a positive integer, are shown to be qualitatively mimicked by the configuration…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Metod Saniga , Michel Planat

We give an entirely new approach to the problem of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), based on a Fourier analytic technique in additive combinatorics. The method provides a short and elegant generalization of the fact that there are at most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-14 Mate Matolcsi

Mutually unbiased measurements (MUMs) are generalized from the concept of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) and include the complete set of MUBs as a special case, but they are superior to MUBs as they do not need to be rank one projectors. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Lu Liu , Ting Gao , Fengli Yan

Unextendible sets of Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) are examined from the point of view of complementary subalgebras. We show, that the linear span of less than $d+1$ factors of $M_d \otimes M_d$ does not contain pure states, and therefore…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Andras Szanto

A complete set of mutually unbiased bases in a Hilbert space of dimension $d$ defines a set of $d+1$ orthogonal measurements. Relative to such a set, we define a "MUB-balanced state" to be a pure state for which the list of probabilities of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Ilya Amburg , Roshan Sharma , Daniel Sussman , William K. Wootters