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Quantum key distribution (QKD) takes advantage of fundamental properties of quantum physics to allow two distant parties to share a secret key; however, QKD is hampered by a distance limitation of a few hundred kilometers on earth. The most…

We propose a quantum key distribution scheme which closely matches the performance of a perfect single photon source. It nearly attains the physical upper bound in terms of key generation rate and maximally achievable distance. Our scheme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-15 Wolfgang Mauerer , Christine Silberhorn

The decoy-state method is a prominent approach to enhance the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that operate with weak coherent laser sources. Due to the limited transmissivity of single photons in optical fiber, current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Daniil Trefilov , Xoel Sixto , Víctor Zapatero , Anqi Huang , Marcos Curty , Vadim Makarov

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is immune to all the detection attacks; thus when it is combined with the decoy-state method, the final key is unconditionally secure, even if a practical weak coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-19 Shi-Hai Sun , Ming Gao , Chun-Yan Li , Lin-Mei Liang

To beat PNS attack, decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) based on coherent state has been studied widely. We present a decoy state QKD protocol with modified coherent state (MCS). By destruction quantum interference, MCS with fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Fang-Wen Sun , Guang-Can Guo

We review the current status of security proofs for practical decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution using the BB84 protocol, focusing on optical implementations with weak coherent pulses and threshold photodetectors. The primary aim of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Devashish Tupkary , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Shlok Nahar , Lars Kamin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Decoy state method quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the promising practical solutions to BB84 QKD with coherent light pulses. In the real world, however, statistical fluctuations with the finite code length cannot be negligible, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-25 Jun Hasegawa , Masahito Hayashi , Tohya Hiroshima , Akihisa Tomita

In order to beat any type of photon-number-splitting attack, we propose a protocol for quantum key distributoin (QKD) using 4 different intensities of pulses. They are vacuum and coherent states with mean photon number $\mu,\mu'$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Xiang-Bin Wang

The quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to share a common information-theoretic secure secret key. In order to guarantee the security of a practical QKD implementation, the physical system has to be fully characterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Aleksei Reutov , Andrey Tayduganov , Vladimir Mayboroda , Oleg Fat'yanov

Secure quantum key distribution can be achieved with an imperfect single-photon source through implementing the decoy-state method. However, security of all those theoretical results of decoy-state method based on the original framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-27 Jia-Zhong Hu , Xiang-Bin Wang

We implement a decoy-state quantum key distribution scheme using a telecom C-band single-emitter source. The decoy states are created by varying the optical excitation of the quantum emitter to modulate the photon number distribution. We…

A prevalent issue in practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the emergence of correlations among the emitted signals. Although recent works have proved the security of QKD in the presence of this imperfection, they rest…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share secret keys with the proven security even in the presence of an eavesdropper with unbounded computational power. Recently, GHz-clock decoy QKD systems have been realized by…

In this paper, we propose to use the decoy-state technique to improve the security of the quantum key distribution (QKD) systems based on homodyne detection against the photon number splitting (PNS) attack. The decoy-state technique is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-28 S. Hamed Shams Mousavi , Philippe Gallion

The decoy-state method has been developed rapidly in quantum key distribution (QKD) since it is immune to photon-number splitting attacks. However, two basis detector efficiency asymmetry, which exists in realistic scenarios, has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Hui Liu , Zong-Wen Yu , Mi Zou , Yan-Lin Tang , Yong Zhao , Jun Zhang , Xiang-Bin Wang , Teng-Yun Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security; however, its practical implementations are susceptible to exploitable vulnerabilities. This investigation tackles the constraints in practical QKD implementations…

Time synchronization is a crucial requirement in quantum key distribution (QKD)8 protocols, ensuring accurate key generation via the correct assignment of bits of raw key and9 enabling eavesdropping detection via the precise recording of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Lukas Tiefenthaler , Hannah Thiel , Davide Rusca , Antia Lamas Linares

Intensity correlations between neighboring pulses open a prevalent yet often overlooked security loophole in decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD). As a solution, we present and experimentally demonstrate an…

As a promising quantum key distribution (QKD), most of the existing round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (RRDPS-QKD) protocols have adopted the decoy-state method and have assumed the source states are exactly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Qian-Ping Mao , Le Wang , Sheng-Mei Zhao

We propose a quantum key distribution scheme that combines a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method. In this scheme, Alice sends all signal states in the $Z$ basis and decoy states in the $X$ and $Z$ basis with certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-20 Zhengchao Wei , Weilong Wang , Zhen Zhang , Ming Gao , Zhi Ma , Xiongfeng Ma