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Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an attractive technology for distributing secret encryption keys between distant users. The decoy-state technique has drastically improved its practicality and performance, and has been widely adopted in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Yuanfei Gao , Zhiliang Yuan

Coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD) has been widely investigated, and even been deployed in real-world quantum network. However, the proposal of the zero-error attack has critically undermined its security guarantees, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Xiao-Yu Cao , Xiao-Ran Sun , Ming-Yang Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

A passive quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter generates the quantum states prescribed by a QKD protocol at random, combining a fixed quantum mechanism and a post-selection step. By avoiding the use of active optical modulators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Wenyuan Wang , Marcos Curty

We investigate the use of photon number states to identify eavesdropping attacks on quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. The technique is based on the fact that different photon numbers traverse a channel with different transmittivity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daryl Achilles , Ekaterina Rogacheva , Alexei Trifonov

Quantum key distribution is a cornerstone of quantum cryptography, enabling secure communication through the principles of quantum mechanics. In reality, most practical implementations rely on the decoy-state method to ensure security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Zitai Xu , Yizhi Huang , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum state purification protocols, which mitigate noise by converting multiple copies of noisy quantum states into fewer copies with a lower noise level, have applications in quantum communication and computation with imperfect devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Benchi Zhao , Yu-Ao Chen , Xuanqiang Zhao , Chengkai Zhu , Giulio Chiribella , Xin Wang

Coherent state photon sources are widely used in quantum information processing. In many applications, such as quantum key distribution (QKD), a coherent state is functioned as a mixture of Fock states by assuming its phase is continuously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-15 Zhu Cao , Zhen Zhang , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma

The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) possesses the highest security among all practical quantum key distribution protocols. However, existing multi-intensity decoy-state methods may cause loopholes when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Chun-Hui Zhang , Chun-Mei Zhang , Qin Wang

To prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, several assumptions have to be imposed on users' devices. From an experimental point of view, it is preferable that such theoretical requirements are feasible and the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Akihiro Mizutani

Security formulas of quantum key distribution (QKD) with imperfect resources are obtained for finite-length code when the decoy method is applied. This analysis is useful for guaranteeing the security of implemented QKD systems. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Giuseppe Vallone , Alberto Dall'Arche , Marco Tomasin , Paolo Villoresi

Distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution stands out for its easy implementation with present day technology. Since many years, a full security proof of these schemes in a realistic setting has been elusive. For the first time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-05 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Le Phuc Thinh , Hugo Zbinden , Nicolas Gisin

Vulnerabilities and imperfections of single-photon detectors have been shown to compromise security for quantum key distribution (QKD). The measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD) appears to be the most appealing solution to solve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent practical need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from…

We propose a scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with dual-rail displaced photon states. Displaced single photon states carry bit value of code which may be extracted while coherent states carry nothing and they only provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Sergey A. Podoshvedov

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with a finite number of decoy states is analyzed under finite-data-size assumption. By accounting for statistical fluctuations in parameter estimation, we investigate vacuum+weak- and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-14 Xiongfeng Ma , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Mohsen Razavi

Due to the rapid advancement of quantum technology, the traditional established classical cryptographic protocols are no longer secure. To make the world quantum safe, different quantum protocols have been taken into account. Quantum Key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Arijit Roy , Arpita Maitra , Saibal Kumar Pal

In principle, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. In practice, flaws in the state preparation undermine the security of QKD systems, as standard theoretical approaches to deal with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty , Go Kato , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Koji Azuma

We report the first quantum key distribution (QKD) systems capable of delivering sustainable, real-time secure keys continuously at rates exceeding 10 Mb/s. To achieve such rates, we developed high speed post-processing modules, achieving…

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