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We prove the security of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol in the case where the source and detector are under the limited control of an adversary. Our proof applies when both the source and the detector have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Norbert Lütkenhaus , John Preskill

We prove the security of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol in the case where the key information is encoded in the relative phase of a coherent-state reference pulse and a weak coherent-state signal pulse, as in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-27 Hoi-Kwong Lo , John Preskill

This paper provides a security proof of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol in practical implementation. To prove the security, it is not assumed that defects in the devices are absorbed into an adversary's attack.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yodai Watanabe

We propose an unconditionally secure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which uses a relatively strong signal pulse. While our protocol shares similar security bases as the Bennett 1992 protocol with a strong reference pulse (B92),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kiyoshi Tamaki

We prove the unconditional security of quantum key distribution protocols using attenuated laser pulses with M different linear polarizations. When M=4, the proof covers the so-called SARG04 protocol [V.~Scarani et al., Phys. Rev.\ Lett.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masato Koashi

We consider the security of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), in the presence of bit and basis dependent detector flaws. We suggest a powerful attack that can be used in systems with detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-04 L. Lydersen , J. Skaar

We discuss the potential of quantum key distribution (QKD) for long distance communication by proposing a new analysis of the errors caused by dark counts. We give sufficient conditions for a considerable improvement of the key generation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. -C. Boileau , J. Batuwantudawe , R. Laflamme

We prove the unconditional security of a quantum key distribution protocol in which bit values are encoded in the phase of a weak coherent-state pulse relative to a strong reference pulse. In contrast to implementations in which a weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Masato Koashi

I prove the security of quantum key distribution against individual attacks for realistic signals sources, including weak coherent pulses and downconversion sources. The proof applies to the BB84 protocol with the standard detection scheme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Norbert Lütkenhaus

In conventional quantum key distribution protocols, the secure key is normally extracted from the measurement outcomes of the system. Here, a different approach is proposed, where the secure key is extracted from the measurement bases,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Xiongfeng Ma

The Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol (BB84 protocol) is one of the simplest protocols for implementing quantum key distribution (QKD). In the protocol, the sender and the receiver iteratively choose one of two complementary measurement bases.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Shun Kawakami , Atsushi Taniguchi , Yoshihide Tonomura , Koichi Takasugi , Koji Azuma

We consider the security of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), with arbitrary individual imperfections simultaneously in the source and detectors. We provide the secure key generation rate, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-05 Øystein Marøy , Lars Lydersen , Johannes Skaar

In this article I present a protocol for quantum cryptography which is secure against attacks on individual signals. It is based on the Bennett-Brassard protocol of 1984 (BB84). The security proof is complete as far as the use of single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Norbert Lütkenhaus

Despite enormous progress both in theoretical and experimental quantum cryptography, the security of most current implementations of quantum key distribution is still not established rigorously. One of the main problems is that the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Marco Tomamichel , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Nicolas Gisin , Renato Renner

We present an approach to the unconditional security of quantum key distribution protocols based on the uncertainty principle. The approach applies to every case that has been treated via the argument by Shor and Preskill, and relieve them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masato Koashi

The disturbance effect of a depolarizing channel on the security of the quantum key distribution of the four state BB84 protocol with multiple sequentiel intercept and resend attacks of many eavesdroppers, has been studied. The quantum bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-01 Mustapha Dehmani , Mohamed Errahmani , Hamid Ez-Zahraouy , Abdelilah Benyoussef

Quantum key distribution can be performed with practical signal sources such as weak coherent pulses. One example of such a scheme is the Bennett-Brassard protocol that can be implemented via polarization of the signals, or equivalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Norbert Lütkenhaus , Mika Jahma

Quantum Key Distribution with the BB84 protocol has been shown to be unconditionally secure even using weak coherent pulses instead of single-photon signals. The distances that can be covered by these methods are limited due to the loss in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

It is the first scheme which allows the detection apparatus to achieve both the photon number of arriving signals and quantum bit error rate of the multiphoton pulses precisely. We show that the upper bound of the fraction of the tagged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Qing-yu Cai

We devise a simple modification that essentially doubles the efficiency of a well-known quantum key distribution scheme proposed by Bennett and Brassard (BB84). Our scheme assigns significantly different probabilities for the different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ardehali , H. F. Chau , Hoi-Kwong Lo
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