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An inconsistency of quantum field theory, regarding the signs of vacuum energy and vacuum pressure of elementary fields versus non-elementary fields (like e.g. phonon fields), is pointed out. An improved law for the canonical quantization…
Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…
It has been found, that free electromagnetic (EM) field in restricted volume (typical experimental case) consists of two independent and equally possible components with different parity under spatial inversion transformations. Either of…
A monistic framework is set up where energy is the only fundamental substance. Different states of energy are ordered by a set of scalar qunatum-phase-fields. The dual elements of matter, mass and space, are described as volume- and…
We carry out the canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field in arbitrary $\xi$-gauge and compute its propagator. In this way we fill a gap in the literature and clarify some existing confusion about Feynman $i\epsilon$ prescription…
In this report we show that vacuum is a nonlinear optical medium and we discuss what are the optical phenomena that should exist in the framework of the standard model of particle physics. We pay special attention to the low energy limit.…
Quantization of free Dirac fields is formulated in terms of a reducible representation of CAR. Similarly to the bosonic case we arrive at field operators which are indeed operators and not operator valued distributions. Observables such as…
A relativistically invariant expression for the number of photons in free classical electromagnetic field through the currents, that created the field, is derived based on the formula for the total energy--momentum of the field. It is…
A quantum field theory approach is put forward to generalize the concept of classical spatial light beams carrying orbital angular momentum to the single-photon level. This quantization framework is carried out both in the paraxial and…
The sets ${\Phi({F}^{\mu \nu})}, {\Phi(\tilde {F}^{\mu \nu})}$ of linear functionals on the space $< F,+,\cdot >$ represent themself linear space $< \Phi,+,\cdot >$ over the field of \textit{scalars} $P$, which is dual to space $< F,+,\cdot…
Different theoretical and experimental aspects of electromagnetic phenomena in media is reviewed. The 100 year old Minkowski theory is in agreement with most experiments, but has theoretical problems related to its implied validity in all…
We consider electromagnetic field quantization in an expanding universe. We find that the covariant (Gupta-Bleuler) method exhibits certain difficulties when trying to impose the quantum Lorenz condition on cosmological scales. We thus…
The quantum electromagnetic (EM) field is formulated in the Weyl-Wigner representation (WW), which is equivalent to the standard Hilbert space one (HS). In principle it is possible to interpret within WW all experiments involving the EM…
A quantum inequality for the quantized electromagnetic field is developed for observers in static curved spacetimes. The quantum inequality derived is a generalized expression given by a mode function expansion of the four-vector potential,…
A random field that is empirically equivalent to the quantized electromagnetic field is constructed. A mapping between the creation and annihilation operator algebras of a random field and of the quantized electromagnetic field provides a…
We compute the electromagnetic field created by an ultrarelativistic charged particle in vacuum at distances comparable to the particle Compton wavelength. The wave function of the particle is governed by the Klein-Gordon equation, for a…
The existence of the zero point electromagnetic field in the dark is a trivial property of classical electromagnetism. Splitting the total, genuine electromagnetic field into the sum of a conventional field and a zero point field is…
It is shown that relative coordinate and momentum of coherent electron pair have the meaning of observables with the help of quadrupole and magnetic moments. Distributions of quadrupole terms of scalar potential are shown. These…
An electromagnetic field of simple algebraic structure is simply derived. It turns out to be the G=0 limit of the charged rotating Kerr-Newman metrics. These all have gyromagnetic ratio 2, the same as the Dirac electron. The charge and…
The wave-particle duality of the vacuum states of quantum fields is considered and the particle-like property of the vacuum state of a quantum field is proposed as a vacuum-particle which carries the vacuum-energy and the vacuum-momentum of…