Related papers: Understanding light quanta: First quantization of …
Quantum foundations are still unsettled, with mixed effects on science and society. By now it should be possible to obtain consensus on at least one issue: Are the fundamental constituents fields or particles? As this paper shows,…
We introduce photon theory following the same principles as for introduction of the quantum theory of a single particle, using a C*-algebraic approach based on covariance systems. The basic symmetries are additivity of the fields and…
While Quantum Gravity remains elusive and Quantum Field Theory retains the interpretational difficulties of Quantum Mechanics, we have introduced an alternate approach to the unification of particles, fields, space and time, suggesting that…
We show that the material dependencies of macroscopically quantized fields in linear media are not consistent with the classical electromagnetic boundary conditions. We then phenomenologically construct macroscopic quantized fields that…
We begin by studying a very simple Hamiltonian for Maxwell's equations that has no gauge fields and is made entirely of the electromagnetic fields. We then show that this theory cannot be quantized. We also show that no other such simple…
Within the first quantisation of Maxwell's equations, we introduce the dynamic energy, linear momentum, angular momentum and optical spin of the electromagnetic fields. We show that these different quantities are conserved during the…
Detailed physical processes of magnetic field generation from density fluctuations in the pre-recombination era are studied. Solving Maxwell equations and the generalized Ohm's law, the evolutions of the net charge density, the electric…
It is shown that the photon, the quantum of electromagnetic field, allows the consideration in the framework of the scheme which in some aspects is typical for the phonon, an excitation of the crystal lattice of a solid. The conclusion is…
Based on the concepts of the quantum field theory of virtual photons as quanta of electromagnetic interaction, we discuss the physical content of the phenomena underlying the principle of quantum uncertainties. We consider the features of…
The theoretical framework of electromagnetism played a foundational role in Einstein's development of special relativity. To support conceptual understanding, we present a fully special relativistic computer simulation that visualizes…
A review is made on some recent studies which support the point of view that the relativistic field theory quantized on the light-front (LF) is more transparent compared to the conventional equal-time one. The discussion may be of relevance…
We argue that the definition of the thermodynamic work done on a charged particle by a time-dependent electromagnetic field is an open problem, because the particle's Hamiltonian is not gauge-invariant. The solution of this problem demands…
It is shown that adopting the \emph{Quantum Field} ---extended entity in space-time build by dynamic appearance propagation and annihilation of virtual particles--- as the primary ontology the astonishing features of quantum mechanics can…
Canonical quantization of electromagnetic field inside the time--spatially dispersive inhomogeneous dielectrics is presented. Interacting electromagnetic and matter excitation fields create the closed system, Hamiltonian of which may be…
General relativity describes the gravitational field geometrically and in a self-interacting way because it couples to all forms of energy, including its own. Both features make finding a quantum theory difficult, yet it is important in the…
This is an introduction to quantum gravity, aimed at a fairly general audience and concentrating on what have historically two main approaches to quantum gravity: the covariant and canonical programs (string theory is not covered). The…
This paper proves that it is possible to build a Lagrangian for quantum electrodynamics which makes it explicit that the photon mass is eventually set to zero in the physical part on observational ground. Gauge independence is achieved upon…
The Heisenberg, interaction, and Schr\"odinger pictures of motion are considered in Lagrangian (canonical) quantum field theory. The equations of motion (for state vectors and field operators) are derived for arbitrary Lagrangians which are…
We provide for the first time the exact solution of Maxwell's equations for a massless charged particle moving on a generic trajectory at the speed of light. In particular we furnish explicit expressions for the vector potential and the…
We introduce a generalized angular spectrum representation for quantized light beams. By using our formalism, we are able to derive simple expressions for the electromagnetic vector potential operator in the case of: {a)} time-independent…