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After a general discussion of group actions, orbifolds, and "weak orbifolds" this note will provide elementary introductions to two basic moduli spaces over the real or complex numbers: First the moduli space of effective divisors with…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Araceli Bonifant , John Milnor

The Clifford algebra over the three-dimensional real linear space includes its linear structure and its exterior algebra, the subspaces spanned by multivectors of the same degree determine a gradation of the Clifford algebra. Through these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Dalia Cervantes , Guillermo Morales-Luna

When visualised as an operation on the Bloch sphere, the qubit "pi-over-eight" gate corresponds to one-eighth of a complete rotation about the vertical axis. This simple gate often plays an important role in quantum information theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-17 Mark Howard , Jiri Vala

We investigate the problem of evaluating the output probabilities of Clifford circuits with nonstabilizer product input states. First, we consider the case when the input state is mixed, and give an efficient classical algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Kaifeng Bu , Dax Enshan Koh

We show that, on a Hilbert space of odd dimension, the only pure states to possess a non-negative Wigner function are stabilizer states. The Clifford group is identified as the set of unitary operations which preserve positivity. The result…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. Gross

Quantum error-correcting codes can be used to protect qubits involved in quantum computation. This requires that logical operators acting on protected qubits be translated to physical operators (circuits) acting on physical quantum states.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Swanand Kadhe , Henry D. Pfister

We consider four-dimensional qudits as qubit pairs and their qudit Pauli operators as qubit Clifford operators. This introduces a nesting, $C_1^2 \subset C_2^4 \subset C_3^2$, where $C_n^m$ is the $n$th level of the $m$-dimensional qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

In this work, we compute the number of $[[n,k]]_d$ stabilizer codes made up of $d$-dimensional qudits, for arbitrary positive integers $d$. In a seminal work by Gross (Ref. [23]) the number of $[[n,k]]_d$ stabilizer codes was computed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Tanmay Singal , Che Chiang , Eugene Hsu , Eunsang Kim , Hsi-Sheng Goan , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

In these lectures, we discuss some well-known facts about Clifford algebras: matrix representations, Cartan's periodicity of 8, double coverings of orthogonal groups by spin groups, Dirac equation in different formalisms, spinors in $n$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-23 D. S. Shirokov

Typical stabilizer codes aim to solve the general problem of fault-tolerance without regard for the structure of a specific system. By incorporating a broader representation-theoretic perspective, we provide a generalized framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Margarite L. LaBorde , Dillon Montero

A description of the real, complete modules over the Clifford algebra of a Hilbert space, with the elements of the latter acting by skew-symmetric operators.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 E. Galina , A. Kaplan , L. Saal

The non-linear binary Kerdock codes are known to be Gray images of certain extended cyclic codes of length $N = 2^m$ over $\mathbb{Z}_4$. We show that exponentiating these $\mathbb{Z}_4$-valued codewords by $\imath \triangleq \sqrt{-1}$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Trung Can , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Henry D. Pfister

Stabilizer states and graph states find application in quantum error correction, measurement-based quantum computation and various other concepts in quantum information theory. In this work, we study party-local Clifford (PLC)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Matthias Englbrecht , Tristan Kraft , Barbara Kraus

We develop a topological framework for preparing families of non-stabilizer states, and computing their entanglement entropies, in $SU(2)_1$ Chern-Simons theory. Using the Kac-Moody algebra, we construct Pauli and Clifford operators as path…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-13 William Munizzi , Howard J. Schnitzer

Stabilizer states form an important class of states in quantum information, and are of central importance in quantum error correction. Here, we provide an algorithm for deciding whether one stabilizer (target) state can be obtained from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner

In the last few years, the concepts of stability and Clifford regularity have been fruitfully extended by using star operations. In this paper we deepen the study of star stable and star regular domains and relate these two classes of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2013-05-17 Stefania Gabelli , Giampaolo Picozza

We propose a method for classical simulation of finite-dimensional quantum systems, based on sampling from a quasiprobability distribution, i.e., a generalized Wigner function. Our construction applies to all finite dimensions, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Robert Raussendorf , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Emily Tyhurst , Cihan Okay , Michael Zurel

We find an interesting relationship between multipartite bound entangled states and the stabilizer formalism. We prove that if a set of commuting operators from the generalized Pauli group on $n$ qudits satisfy certain constraints, then the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Guoming Wang , Mingsheng Ying

We focus on quantum systems represented by a Hilbert space $L^2(A)$, where $A$ is a locally compact Abelian group that contains a compact open subgroup. We examine two interconnected issues related to Weyl-Heisenberg operators. First, we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Fabio Nicola

Quantum normalizer circuits were recently introduced as generalizations of Clifford circuits [arXiv:1201.4867]: a normalizer circuit over a finite Abelian group $G$ is composed of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) over G, together with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-09 Juan Bermejo-Vega , Maarten Van den Nest