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Galois qudits are $q$-dimensional quantum systems whose choice of Pauli group encodes the arithmetic of some finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. They differ from the more familiar modular qudit, which are the same quantum system but whose choice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Adam Wills

Bravyi and Gosset recently gave classical simulation algorithms for quantum circuits dominated by Clifford operations. These algorithms scale exponentially with the number of T-gate in the circuit, but polynomially in the number of qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Yifei Huang , Peter Love

Stabilizer states admit compact classical descriptions, but many downstream tasks still require their full amplitude vectors. Since the output itself has size $2^n$, the main algorithmic question is whether one can materialize an $n$-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

We describe a method to use measurements and correction operations in order to implement the Clifford group in a stabilizer code, generalising a result from [Bombin,2011] for topological subsystem colour codes. In subsystem stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Darren Banfield , Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay

NOTE: PAPER WITHDRAWN (See Comments) The Clifford and Local Clifford groups for $d > 2$ dimensional systems have been topics of recent interest due to their applications in graph states, quantum codes, and possible applications in fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-07 Jacob Farinholt

We generalize the class of hypergraph states to multipartite systems of qudits, by means of constructions based on the d-dimensional Pauli group and its normalizer. For simple hypergraphs, the different equivalence classes under local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-01 Frank E. S. Steinhoff , Christina Ritz , Nikolai Miklin , Otfried Gühne

The classification of stabilizer states under local Clifford (LC) equivalence is of particular importance in quantum error-correction and measurement-based quantum computation. Two stabilizer states are called LC equivalent if there exists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Van den Nest , J. Dehaene , B. De Moor

We describe the structure of the $n$-qubit Clifford group $C_n$ via Cayley graphs, whose vertices represent group elements and edges represent generators. In order to obtain the action of Clifford gates on a given quantum state, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Cynthia Keeler , William Munizzi , Jason Pollack

We formulate generalizations of Pauli's theorem on the cases of real and complex Clifford algebras of even and odd dimensions. We give analogues of these theorems in matrix formalism. Using these theorems we present an algorithm for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-29 D. S. Shirokov

Clifford codes can be understood as a generalization of stabilizer codes. To show the existence of a true Clifford code which is better than any stabilizer code is a well known open problem in the theory of Clifford codes. One of the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hagiwara Manabu , Hideki Imai

The Pauli groups are ubiquitous in quantum information theory because of their usefulness in describing quantum states and operations and their readily understood symmetry properties. In addition, the most well-understood quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 Mark Howard , Eoin Brennan , Jiri Vala

We develop the method of averaging in Clifford (geometric) algebras suggested by the author in previous papers. We consider operators constructed using two different sets of anticommuting elements of real or complexified Clifford algebras.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 D. S. Shirokov

In this work we explore the structure of Clifford algebras and the representations of the algebraic spinors in quantum information theory. Initially we present an general formulation through elements of left minimal ideals in tensor…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Marco A. S. Trindade , Sergio Floquet , J. D. M. Vianna

We prove that on any two-dimensional lattice of qudits of a prime dimension, every translation invariant Pauli stabilizer group with local generators and with code distance being the linear system size, is decomposed by a local Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Jeongwan Haah

We study the stabiliser formalism for qudits of arbitrary dimension $d$. In the free case, we show that the basic theorem of the stabiliser formalism remains valid: if the stabiliser subgroup $H$ is free as a $Z/dZ$-module and contains no…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Ruslan Maksimau

In this paper we investigate stabilizer quantum error correction codes using controlled phase rotations of strong coherent probe states. We explicitly describe two methods to measure the Pauli operators which generate the stabilizer group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Casey R. Myers , Marcus Silva , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

We develop a framework for the classification of invertible translation-invariant stabilizer codes modulo condensation and stabilization with simple codes. We introduce generalizations of the Pauli groups of local unitaries for quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Roman Geiko , Georgii Shuklin

Clifford gates and transformations, which map products of elementary Pauli or Majorana operators to other such products, are foundational in quantum computing, underpinning the stabilizer formalism, error-correcting codes, magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Ilias Magoulas , Francesco A. Evangelista

We propose a non-commutative extension of the Pauli stabilizer formalism. The aim is to describe a class of many-body quantum states which is richer than the standard Pauli stabilizer states. In our framework, stabilizer operators are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Xiaotong Ni , Oliver Buerschaper , Maarten Van den Nest

We present a brief review of discrete structures in a finite Hilbert space, relevant for the theory of quantum information. Unitary operator bases, mutually unbiased bases, Clifford group and stabilizer states, discrete Wigner function,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-30 Ingemar Bengtsson , Karol Zyczkowski