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Causal inference from observational data often assumes "ignorability," that all confounders are observed. This assumption is standard yet untestable. However, many scientific studies involve multiple causes, different variables whose…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

Actual realisations of EPR experiments do {\em not} demonstrate non-locality. A model is presented that should enable non-specialists as well as specialists to understand how easy it is to find realistic explanations for the observations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Caroline H. Thompson

This experiment was conceived of as a method of transmitting information from inside a black hole to the outside. As it turns out, it doesn't work in the form described (and possibly not in any form), but the way in which Nature prevents…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-27 Satish Ramakrishna , Onuttom Narayan

A foundational result in the theory of quantum computation known as the "principle of safe storage" shows that it is always possible to take a quantum circuit and produce an equivalent circuit that makes all measurements at the end of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Bill Fefferman , Zachary Remscrim

It is described a nonlocal interaction between entangled quantum objects, which is initiated by a process different from the reduction of the wave function. The scheme of an experiment realizing a deterministic nonlocal quantum evolution is…

General Physics · Physics 2017-11-09 A. Yu. Samarin

The best mathematical arguments against a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics - that gives definite but partially unknown values to all observables - are analysed and shown to be based on reasoning that is not compelling. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

It is pointed out that a slight variation on the Wheeler Delayed Choice Experiment presents the same challenge to orthodox quantum mechanics as Maudlin-type contingent absorber experiments present to the Transactional Interpretation (TI).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-16 R. E. Kastner

I list several strong requirements for what I would consider a sensible interpretation of quantum mechanics and I discuss two simple theorems. One, as far as I know, is new; the other was only noted a few years ago. Both have important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-11 N. David Mermin

Complex processes often arise from sequences of simpler interactions involving a few particles at a time. These interactions, however, may not be directly accessible to experiments. Here we develop the first efficient method for unravelling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 Ge Bai , Ya-Dong Wu , Yan Zhu , Masahito Hayashi , Giulio Chiribella

A quantum system can behave as a wave or as a particle, depending on the experimental arrangement. When for example measuring a photon using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photon acts as a wave if the second beam-splitter is inserted,…

In this paper, we consider event structures and their probabilistic and quantum extensions as originally defined by Winskel. If these structures have already been part of sophisticated computational models, they have rarely been directly…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Vítor Fernandes , Marc de Visme , Benoît Valiron

Crull (2014) claims that by invoking decoherence it is possible (i) to obviate many ``fine grained'' issues often conflated under the common designation of measurement problem, and (ii) to make substantial progresses in the fields of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-13 Antonio Vassallo , Michael Esfeld

We define syntax and semantics of quantum circuits, allowing measurement gates and classical channels. We define circuit-based quantum algorithms and prove that, semantically, any such algorithm is equivalent to a single measurement that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Yuri Gurevich , Andreas Blass

Meta-analysis is commonly used to combine results from multiple clinical trials, but traditional meta-analysis methods do not refer explicitly to a population of individuals to whom the results apply and it is not clear how to use their…

The consistent histories formalism can be used to describe histories comprised of events across many systems, times, and places, plausibly rich enough to describe our experiences of the classical world; however, many consistent history sets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Nick Ormrod , Tein van der Lugt , Yìlè Yīng , Jarosław K. Korbicz

Environment induced decoherence, and other quantum processes, have been proposed in the literature to explain the apparent spontaneous selection - out of the many mathematically eligible bases - of a privileged measurement basis that…

General Physics · Physics 2016-09-27 Hitoshi Inamori

The interpretation of quantum theory is one of the longest-standing debates in physics. Type I interpretations see quantum probabilities as determined by intrinsic properties of the observed system. Type II see them as relational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-24 Adán Cabello , Mile Gu , Otfried Gühne , Jan-Åke Larsson , Karoline Wiesner

In this paper we give a reasonable explanation (not proof) to the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics from the view point of decoherence theory. Mathematical physicists with strong mission must prove {\bf the Copenhagen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Kazuyuki Fujii

A probabilistic propositional logic, endowed with an epistemic component for asserting (non-)compatibility of diagonizable and bounded observables, is presented and illustrated for reasoning about the random results of projective…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-03-20 A. Sernadas , J. Rasga , C. Sernadas , L. Alcácer , A. B. Henriques

In this paper, we suggest an alternative interpretation for the quantum state vector, which, by considering temporal parts for physical objects, aims to give an intelligible account of measurement problem in quantum mechanics. We examine…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Alireza Mansouri , Mehdi Golshani , Amir Ehsan Karbasizadeh