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An exceptional point is a special point in parameter space at which two (or more) eigenvalues and eigenvectors coincide. The discovery of exceptional points within mechanical and optical systems has uncovered peculiar effects in their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 C. A. Downing , V. A. Saroka

An example of exceptional points in the continuous spectrum of a real, pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian of von Neumann-Wigner type is presented and discussed. Remarkably, these exceptional points are associated with a double pole in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-04 E. Hernández , A. Jáuregui , D. Lohr , A. Mondragón

The double pole singularity of the $S$-matrix, the so-called exceptional point, associated with the $5/2^-$ doublet of resonances in the spectrum of $^{7}$Be has been identified in the framework of the Gamow shell model. The exceptional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 David Cardona Ochoa , Marek Płoszajczak , Nicolas Michel , Simin Wang

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian singularities associated with the coalescence of individual eigenvectors accompanied by the degeneracy of their complex energies. Here, we report the discovery of a generalization to the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Zhen Li , Xulong Wang , Rundong Cai , Kenji Shimomura , Congwei Lu , Zhesen Yang , Masatoshi Sato , Guancong Ma

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian degeneracies where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, giving rise to unusual physical effects across scientific disciplines. The concept of EPs has recently been extended to nonlinear physical…

The formation of a higher-order singularity by the coalescence of two exceptional points is studied in the anti-hermitian limit of the complex-extended 3-level Richardson-Gaudin model.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-12-17 J. Dukelsky , J. Okolowicz , M. Ploszajczak

Exceptional points (EPs) determine the dynamics of open quantum systems and cause also PT symmetry breaking in PT symmetric systems. From a mathematical point of view, this is caused by the fact that the phases of the wavefunctions…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-04-30 Hichem Eleuch , Ingrid Rotter

The Lindblad equation for a two-level system under an electric field is analyzed by mapping to a linear equation with a non-Hermitian matrix. Exceptional points of the matrix are found to be extensive; the second-order ones are located on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Naomichi Hatano

We consider non-Hermitian tight-binding one-dimensional Hamiltonians and show that imposing a certain symmetry causes all eigenvalues to pair up and the corresponding eigenstates to coalesce in pairs. This Pairwise Coalescence (PC) is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Yusuf H. Erdogan , Masudul Haque

Exceptional points (EPs) are singular points on a parameter space at which some eigenvalues (scattering poles) and their corresponding eigenmodes coalesce. This study shows the existence of second- and third-order EPs in cylindrical elastic…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 Kei Matsushima , Yuki Noguchi , Takayuki Yamada

Non-Hermitian systems distinguish themselves from Hermitian systems by exhibiting a phase transition point called an exceptional point (EP), which is the point at which two eigenstates coalesce under a system parameter variation. Many…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Kun Ding , Guancong Ma , Meng Xiao , Z. Q. Zhang , C. T. Chan

Exceptional points of a class of non-hermitian Hamilton operators $\hat H$ of the form $\hat H=\hat H_0+i\hat H_1$ are studied, where $\hat H_0$ and $\hat H_1$ are hermitian operators. Finite dimensional Hilbert spaces are considered. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-01-22 Willi-Hans Steeb , Yorick Hardy

A non-Hermitian complex symmetric 2x2 matrix toy model is used to study projective Hilbert space structures in the vicinity of exceptional points (EPs). The bi-orthogonal eigenvectors of a diagonalizable matrix are Puiseux-expanded in terms…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Uwe Guenther , Ingrid Rotter , Boris F. Samsonov

Exceptional points are interesting physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics at which the eigenvalues are degenerate and the eigenvectors coalesce. In this paper, we find that the universal feature of arbitrary non-Hermitian two level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 X. R. Wang , F. Yang , X. J. Yu , X. Q. Tong , S. P. Kou

Exceptional points describe the coalescence of the eigenmodes of a non-Hermitian matrix. When an exceptional point occurs in the unitary evolution of a many-body system, it generically leads to a dynamical instability with a finite…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-09-04 Mati Aharonyan , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracy of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, at which the eigenvalues, along with their eigenvectors, coalesce. Their orders are given by the Jordan decomposition. Here, we focus on higher-order EPs arising in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Kang Yang , Ipsita Mandal

Exceptional points at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors of non-Hermitian matrices coalesce are ubiquitous in the description of a wide range of platforms from photonic or mechanical metamaterials to open quantum systems. Here, we introduce…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Tsuneya Yoshida , Emil J. Bergholtz , Tomáš Bzdušek

Exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems have recently been shown to possess nontrivial topological properties, and to give rise to many exotic physical phenomena. However, most studies thus far have focused on isolated exceptional…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-21 Hengyun Zhou , Jong Yeon Lee , Shang Liu , Bo Zhen

Studies have shown that quantum states reside in a Hilbert space bundle. When a quantum system depends on continuous external parameters, these parameters define additional dimensions in the base space of the bundle. While much of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Chia-Yi Ju , Szu-Ming Chen

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems can display exceptional topological defects without Hermitian counterparts, exemplified by exceptional rings in NH two-dimensional systems. However, exceptional topological features associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Shou-Bang Yang , Pei-Rong Han , Wen Ning , Fan Wu , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng
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