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Characterizing entanglement in all but the simplest case of a two qubit pure state is a hard problem, even understanding the relevant experimental quantities that are related to entanglement is difficult. It may not be necessary, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 J. Grondalski , D. M. Etlinger , D. F. V. James

The separability and entanglement of quantum mixed states in $\Cb^2 \otimes \Cb^3 \otimes \Cb^N$ composite quantum systems are investigated. It is shown that all quantum states $\rho$ with positive partial transposes and rank $r(\rho)\leq…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. M. Fei , X. H. Gao , X. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , K. Wu

We present Schmidt decomposition formulas for mutually orthogonal two-qubit pure states and classify orthonormal sets based on their entanglement structure. First, we derive explicit Schmidt decomposition formulas for any pure state and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Yonghae Lee , Youngho Min , Sunghyun Bae , Youngrong Lim

In recent years, the entanglement spectra of quantum states have been identified to be highly valuable for improving our understanding on many problems in quantum physics, such as classification of topological phases, symmetry-breaking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-04 Bin Cheng , Man-Hong Yung

Quantum mechanics is formulated on a Hilbert space that is assumed to be separable. However, there seems to be no clear reason justifying this assumption. Does it have physical implications? We answer in the positive by proposing a test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Miguel Gallego

We present a notion of generalized entanglement which goes beyond the conventional definition based on quantum subsystems. This is accomplished by directly defining entanglement as a property of quantum states relative to a distinguished…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lorenza Viola , Howard Barnum , Emanuel Knill , Gerardo Ortiz , Rolando Somma

Entanglement for pure bipartite states is most commonly quantified in a state-by-state manner to each pure state of a bipartite system a scalar quantity, such as the von Neumann entropy of a reduced density matrix. This provides a precise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Loris Di Cairano

An unextendible biseparable basis (UBB) is a set of orthogonal pure biseparable states which span a subspace of a given Hilbert space while the complementary subspace contains only genuinely entangled states. These biseparable bases are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Atanu Bhunia , Subrata Bera , Indranil Biswas , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

The concept of entanglement and separability of quantum states is relevant for several fields in physics. Still, there is a lack of effective operational methods to characterise these features. We propose a method to certify quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Ties-A. Ohst , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne , H. Chau Nguyen

In early days of quantum theory it was believed that the results of measurements performed on two distant physical systems should be uncorrelated thus their quantum state should be separable it means described by a simple tensor product of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Marian Kupczynski

The impossibility of ascribing definite states to the constituents of an entangled system restricts the scope of Pauli's principle in this context. We analyze the conceptual and physical aspects of the problem by studying the actual scope…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Pedro Sancho

Suppose Alice and Bob jointly possess a pure state, $|\psi\ra$. Using local operations on their respective systems and classical communication it may be possible for Alice and Bob to transform $|\psi\ra$ into another joint state $|\phi\ra$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. A. Nielsen

Entanglement properties of a basic set of eight entangled three particle pure states possessing certain permutation symmetries are studied. They fall into four sets of two entangled states, differing in their patterns of robustness to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. K. Rajagopal , R. W. Rendell

We introduce an entanglement criterion to exclude full separability of quantum states. We present numerical evidence that the criterion is necessary and sufficient for the class of GHZ diagonal three-qubit states and estimate the volume of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 Otfried Gühne

We derive a separability criterion for bipartite quantum systems which generalizes the already known criteria. It is based on observables having generic commutation relations. We then discuss in detail the relation among these criteria.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Vittorio Giovannetti , Stefano Mancini , David Vitali , Paolo Tombesi

Entanglement is a key resource for fundamental tests of physics and emerging quantum technologies. In quantum optics, two perspectives on entanglement coexist. In the continuous-variable framework, entanglement is understood as holding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Dorian Schiffer , Marcus Huber , Elizabeth Agudelo

We present a classification of three-qubit states based in their three-qubit and reduced two-qubit entanglements. For pure states these criteria can be easily implemented, and the different types can be related with sets of equivalence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Carlos Sabín , Guillermo García-Alcaine

Genuinely entangled subspaces are a class of subspaces in the multipartite Hilbert spaces that are composed of only genuinely entangled states. They are thus an interesting object of study in the context of multipartite entanglement. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Owidiusz Makuta , Błażej Kuzaka , Remigiusz Augusiak

We report new results and generalizations of our work on unextendible product bases (UPB), uncompletable product bases and bound entanglement. We present a new construction for bound entangled states based on product bases which are only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David P. DiVincenzo , Tal Mor , Peter W. Shor , John A. Smolin , Barbara M. Terhal

We investigate the entanglement in the ground state of systems comprising two and three qubits with random interactions. Since the Hamiltonians also contain deterministic one-body terms, by varying the interaction strength, one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Paulo Freitas Gomes , Marcel Novaes , Fernando Parisio