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We present an approach to purification and entanglement routing on complex quantum network architectures, that is, how a quantum network equipped with imperfect channel fidelities and limited memory storage time can distribute entanglement…

Recently, Briegel et al. present a quantum repeaters protocol using nest entanglement purification for long distance quantum communication(Physical Review Letters \textbf{81},5932). In this paper we present a modified scheme for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-24 Chuan Wang , Rong-Zhen Jiao , Hai-Qiang Ma , Yong Zhang , Li Yu

We introduce a repeater scheme to efficiently distribute multipartite entangled states in a quantum network with optimal scaling. The scheme allows to generate graph states such as 2D and 3D cluster states of growing size or GHZ states over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Julius Wallnöfer , Alexander Pirker , Michael Zwerger , Wolfgang Dür

Quantum computers face inherent scaling challenges, a fact that necessitates investigation of distributed quantum computing systems, whereby scaling is achieved through interconnection of smaller quantum processing units. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin K. Leung

Quantum networks crucially rely on the availability of high-quality entangled pairs of qubits, known as entangled links, distributed across distant nodes. Maintaining the quality of these links is a challenging task due to the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Bethany Davies , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

We give a security proof of quantum cryptography based entirely on entanglement purification. Our proof applies to all possible attacks (individual and coherent). It implies the security of cryptographic keys distributed with the help of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Hans Aschauer , Hans J. Briegel

In quantum networks multipath entanglement purification (MEP) between a pair of source-destination nodes can substantially strengthen their entanglement connection. An efficient MEP strategy can therefore increase the size of the network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Md Sohel Mondal , Siddhartha Santra

Entanglement purification and distillation protocols are essential for harnessing the full potential of quantum communication technologies. Multiple strategies have been proposed to approach and optimize such protocols, most however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

We study the risks of validator reuse across multiple services in a restaking protocol. We characterize the robust security of a restaking network as a function of the buffer between the costs and profits from attacks. For example, our…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Naveen Durvasula , Tim Roughgarden

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network is an infrastructure that allows the realization of the key distribution cryptographic primitive over long distances and at high rates with information-theoretic security. In this work, we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-30 Romain Alleaume , Francois Roueff , Eleni Diamanti , Norbert Lutkenhaus

Quantum communication is a secure way to transfer quantum information and to communicate with legitimate parties over distant places in a network. Although communication over a long distance has already been attained, technical problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Bikash K. Behera , Swarnadeep Seth , Antariksha Das , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We present a quantum repeater protocol for distributing entanglement over long distances, where a dedicated communication stage enables trial rates not limited by the travel time between repeater nodes. To accomplish this, each node…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Adam Kinos , Andreas Walther , Stefan Kröll , Lars Rippe

Quantum switches are critical components in quantum networks, distributing maximally entangled pairs among end nodes by entanglement swapping. In this work, we design protocols that schedule entanglement swapping operations in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Wenhan Dai , Anthony Rinaldi , Don Towsley

Entanglement distribution is a core mechanism for the future quantum Internet. The quantum world is, however, a faulty environment. Hence, successful entanglement swapping is error-prone. The occurrence of quantum state errors can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Michel Barbeau , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro , Evangelos Kranakis

Quantum networks distributed over distances greater than a few kilometers will be limited by the time required for information to propagate between nodes. We analyze protocols that are able to circumvent this bottleneck by employing…

The rate at which quantum communication tasks can be performed using direct transmission is fundamentally hindered by the channel loss. Quantum repeaters allow, in principle, to overcome these limitations, but their introduction necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Kenneth Goodenough , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

We develop entanglement swapping protocols and memory allocation methods for quantum repeater chains. Unlike most of the existing studies, the memory size of each quantum repeater in this work is a parameter that can be optimized. Based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Wenhan Dai , Don Towsley

The distribution of entanglement in quantum networks is typically approached under idealized assumptions such as perfect synchronization and centralized control, while classical communication is often neglected. However, these assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Don Towsley

We analyse the use of entangled states to perform quantum computations non locally among distant nodes in a quantum network. The complexity associated with the generation of multiparticle entangled states is quantified in terms of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. I. Cirac , A. Ekert , S. F. Huelga , C. Macchiavello

Recently emerged as a disruptive networking paradigm, quantum networks rely on the mysterious quantum entanglement to teleport qubits without physically transferring quantum particles. However, the state of quantum systems is extremely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Ziyue Jia , Lin Chen