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Within CPT-symmetric quantum mechanics the most elementary differential form of the charge operator C is assumed. A closed-form integrability of the related coupled differential self-consistency conditions and a natural embedding of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-05-18 Emanuela Caliceti , Francesco Cannata , Miloslav Znojil , Alberto Ventura

Unitarity is a cornerstone of quantum theory, ensuring the conservation of probability and information. Although non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are typically associated with open or dissipative systems, pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics shows…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Ruifeng Leng , Cheng-Yang Lee , Siyi Zhou

We provide a Hilbert space approach to quantum mechanics where space and time are treated on an equal footing. Our approach replaces the standard dependence on an external classical time parameter with a spacetime-symmetric algebraic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 N. L. Diaz , R. Rossignoli

A quantum-mechanical theory is PT-symmetric if it is described by a Hamiltonian that commutes with PT, where the operator P performs space reflection and the operator T performs time reversal. A PT-symmetric Hamiltonian often has a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Carl M. Bender , V. Branchina , Emanuele Messina

The physical condition that the expectation values of physical observables are real quantities is used to give a precise formulation of PT-symmetric quantum mechanics. A mathematically rigorous proof is given to establish the physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ali Mostafazadeh

We consider the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum field theory on the noncommutative spacetime with angular twist and construct its pseudo-Hermitian interpretation. We explore the differences between internal and spatial parities in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-25 Oleg O. Novikov

In the recently quickly developing context of quantum mechanics of unitary systems using a time-independent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $H$ (having real spectrum and defined as acting in an unphysical but user-friendly Hilbert space ${\cal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Miloslav Znojil

A discussion is given of the quantisation of a physical system with finite degrees of freedom subject to a Hamiltonian constraint by treating time as a constrained classical variable interacting with an unconstrained quantum state. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Charles Wang

The {\eta} pseudo PT symmetry theory, denoted by the symbol {\eta}, explores the conditions under which non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can possess real spectra despite the violation of PT symmetry, that is the adjoint of H, denoted H^{{\dag}}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Mustapha Maamache , Nour El Houda Absi

We explain why the main conclusion of Bender et al, hep-th/0511229 [J. Phys. A 39 (2006) 1657] regarding the practical superiority of the non-Hermitian description of PT-symmetric quantum systems over their Hermitian description is not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ali Mostafazadeh

We examine the properties and consequences of pseudo-supersymmetry for quantum systems admitting a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We explore the Witten index of pseudo-supersymmetry and show that every pair of diagonalizable (not necessarily…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ali Mostafazadeh

This paper explores quantum field theories with pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians, where PT-symmetric Hamiltonians serve as a special case. In specific regimes, these pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians have real eigenspectra, orthogonal eigenstates,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-04 Esra Sablevice , Peter Millington

The Stone theorem requires that in a physical Hilbert space ${\cal H}$ the time-evolution of a stable quantum system is unitary if and only if the corresponding Hamiltonian $H$ is self-adjoint. Sometimes, a simpler picture of the evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-11 Miloslav Znojil

We present a coherent and consistent framework for explicit time-dependence in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. The area of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics has been growing rapidly over the past twenty years. This has been driven by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-07 Thomas Frith

By considering (non-relativistic) quantum mechanics as it is done in practice in particular in condensed-matter physics, it is argued that a deterministic, unitary time evolution within a chosen Hilbert space always has a limited scope,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-03 Barbara Drossel

The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry originates from the framework of quantum mechanics, where if the Hamiltonian operator satisfies the commutation relation with the parity and time operators, it shows all real eigen-energy spectrum.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Wei-Chao Gao , Chao Zheng , Lu Liu , Tiejun Wang , Chuan Wang

We study the quantum-mechanical interpretation of models with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and real spectra. We set up a general framework for the analysis of such systems in terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians defined in the usual Hilbert space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Kretschmer , L. Szymanowski

We study a general class of PT-symmetric tridiagonal Hamiltonians with purely imaginary interaction terms in the quasi-hermitian representation of quantum mechanics. Our general Hamiltonian encompasses many previously studied lattice models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-05 Frantisek Ruzicka

In a pre-selected Hilbert space of quantum states the unitarity of the evolution is usually guaranteed via a pre-selection of the generator (i.e., of the Hamiltonian operator) in self-adjoint form. In fact, the simultaneous use of both of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-26 Miloslav Znojil

The Heisenberg picture for non-Hermitian but $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems is suggested. If a non-Hermitian but $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian leads to real second order equations of motion, though their first order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-14 Yan-Gang Miao , Zhen-Ming Xu
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