Related papers: The Probability Distribution to Leptons and Quarks
We study the diffusion phenomena on the negatively curved surface made up of congruent heptagons. Unlike the usual two-dimensional plane, this structure makes the boundary increase exponentially with the distance from the center, and hence…
By pursuing the deep relation between the one-dimensional Dirac equation and quantum walks, the physical role of quantum interference in the latter is explained. It is shown that the time evolution of the probability density of a quantum…
Quark deconfinement phase transition at finite temperature and density is investigated in the frame of quantum mechanics. By solving the Schr\"odinger equation for a heavy quark in a thermal mean field, we calculate the quark probability…
We provide frequency probabilistic analysis of perturbations of physical systems by preparation procedures. We obtained the classification of possible probabilistic transformations connecting input and output probabilities that can appear…
Generalized parton distributions describe the distribution of partons in the transverse plane. For transversely polarized quarks and/or nucleons, these impact parameter dependent parton distributions are not axially symmetric. These…
The commuting probability of a finite group is defined to be the probability that two randomly chosen group elements commute. Let P \subset (0,1] be the set of commuting probabilities of all finite groups. We prove that every point of P is…
Expression for probability distribution is got taking into account a presence and removal of degeneracy on the microstates. Its application allows to describe the process of melting of solids, as saltatory phase transition of the first kind…
The relativistic six-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitudes are…
Various Hamiltonian models have been derived for chemical structures belonging to living organisms while the Hamiltonian concept was not applied to life as a whole. However, Hamiltonian components were recently defined for living organisms…
Compact analytic expressions have been obtained for the first order perturbative QCD corrections to the inclusive spectra of the leptons in the semileptonic decays of polarised heavy quarks. Charmed and beautiful $\Lambda$ baryons from…
Randomness is viewed through an analogy between a physical quantity, density of gas, and a mathematical construct -- probability density. Boltzmann's deduction of equilibrium distribution of ideal gas placed in an external potential field…
The multiplicity distribution of particles in relativistic gases is studied in terms of Tsallis' nonextensive statistics. For an entropic index q>1 the multiplicity distribution is wider than the Poisson distribution with the same average…
The Standard Model of quarks and leptons is, at first sight, nothing but a set of {\it ad hoc} rules, with no connections, and no clues to their true background. At a closer look, however, there are many inherent prophecies that point in…
Skew density matrices can be diagonalized to yield probability interpretation. The power-counting prediction of perturbative QCD is found consistent with recent CEBAF data on $F_2(Q^2)/F_1(Q^2)$
Quantum particles in a potential are described by classical statistical probabilities. We formulate a basic time evolution law for the probability distribution of classical position and momentum such that all known quantum phenomena follow,…
Application of the symplectic particle-in-cell algorithm proposed by H.~Qin {\it et al.} to space-charge in cyclotrons.
Lower and upper probabilities, also known as Choquet capacities, are widely used as a convenient representation for sets of probability distributions. This paper presents a graphical decomposition and exact propagation algorithm for…
We propose a new method for the calculation of the statistical properties, as e.g. the entropy, of unknown generators of symbolic sequences. The probability distribution p(k) of the elements k of a population can be approximated by the…
It was observed in \cite{Al2} that the expectation of a squared scalar product of two random independent unit vectors that are uniformly distributed on the unit sphere in $\mathbb{R}^n $ is equal to $1/n$. It is shown below that this is a…
The concepts of variability and uncertainty, both epistemic and alleatory, came from experience and coexist with different connotations. Therefore this article attempts to express their relation by analytic means firstly setting sights on…