Related papers: The Probability Distribution to Leptons and Quarks
A suggestive phenomenological relation is found among the lepton and quark masses which suggests a new insight into the problem of generations and also gives a prediction for the top quark mass in agreement with the range of values which is…
Masses and mixings of quarks and leptons differ wildly from one another. Thus it is all the more challenging to search for some hidden attribute that they may share.
For basic discrete probability distributions, $-$ Bernoulli, Pascal, Poisson, hypergeometric, contagious, and uniform, $-$ $q$-analogs are proposed.
The distribution of transversely polarized quarks inside a transversely polarized nucleon, known as transversity, encodes a basic piece of information on the nucleon structure, sharing the same status with the more familiar unpolarized and…
We consider the quark and antiquark transversity distributions inside a polarized proton and we study how they are expected to be related to the corresponding helicity distributions, both in sign and magnitude. Our considerations lead to…
The probabilities of point events in space 3 + 1 obey an equation of Dirac type. Masses, moments, energies, spins, etc. are the parameters of the probability distribution of such events. The terms and equations of quark-gluon theories turn…
Predictions for the angular distribution of massive quarks and leptons are presented, including QCD and QED corrections. Recent results for the fermionic part of the two-loop corrections to the electromagnetic form factors are combined with…
We use the fact that some linear Hamiltonian systems can be considered as ``finite level'' quantum systems, and the description of quantum mechanics in terms of probabilities, to associate probability distributions with this particular…
A general piecewise (including pointwise) probability distribution with space-saving notation and its hierarchical particular cases are considered. The explicit closed-form normalization, expectation, and variance formulas along with the…
Comparison of properties of quark and leptons as well as understanding their similarities and differences is one of the milestones on the way to underlying physics. Several observations, if not accidental, can strongly affect the…
Analytic formulae are given for QCD corrections to the lepton spectra in decays of polarised up and down type heavy quarks. These formulae are much simpler than the published ones for the corrections to the spectra of charged leptons…
The probability that the commutator of two group elements is equal to a given element has been introduced in literature few years ago. Several authors have investigated this notion with methods of the representation theory and with…
A masses of a leptons deduced from a representation of a probability density vector by a spinors. A massive W and Z bosons and a massless A boson are obtained from a transformations for which a density vector is invariant.
In the limit of large quantum excitations, the classical and quantum probability distributions for a Schr\"odinger equation can be compared by using the corresponding WKBJ solutions whose rapid oscillations are averaged. This result is…
Entropic arguments are shown to play a central role in the foundations of quantum theory. We prove that probabilities are given by the modulus squared of wave functions, and that the time evolution of states is linear and also unitary.
In this article the idea of random variables over the set theoretic universe is investigated. We explore what it can mean for a random set to have a specific probability of belonging to an antecedently given class of sets.
The probability distributions for charged particle numbers and their densities are derived in statistical ensembles with conservation laws. It is shown that if this limit is properly taken then the canonical and grand canonical ensembles…
We show that probability is locally conserved in discrete time quantum walks, corresponding to a particle evolving in discrete space and time. In particular, for a spatial structure represented by an arbitrary directed graph, and any…
The probability behavior in the m+1 relativistic space-time is considered. The probability, which is defined by the relativistic m+1-vector of the probability density, is investigated.
We study the distribution of primes from a topological viewpoint. Certain conjecture is introduced, and we show that it is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis.