Related papers: The Probability Distribution to Leptons and Quarks
Estimating the probability distribution 'q' governing the behaviour of a certain variable by sampling its value a finite number of times most typically involves an error. Successive measurements allow the construction of a histogram, or…
In the quantum statistical parton distributions approach proposed more than one decade ago, one imposes relations between quarks and antiquarks expressions, which lead to very specific properties for the antiquarks. These properties have…
Let X be a locally compact Abelian group. We consider linear forms of independent random variables with values in X. In doing so, one of the coefficients of the linear forms is a random variable with a Bernoulli distribution. For some…
Let Y be a random variable satisfying specific moment conditions. This paper introduces and investigates probabilistic heterogeneous Stirling numbers of the second kind and probabilistic heterogeneous Bell polynomials. These structures…
The masses of the quarks and leptons are for the most part a mystery to particle physicists. Currently there seems to be no correlation between the masses of the elementary particles. This paper is an attempt to formulate a theory that…
The quark transversity distribution inside nucleon is less understood than the quark unpolarized and helicity distributions inside nucleon. In particular, it is important to know clearly why the quark helicity and transversity distributions…
This is an introduction to some of the most probabilistic aspects of free probability theory.
We show that probabilistic computable functions, i.e., those functions outputting distributions and computed by probabilistic Turing machines, can be characterized by a natural generalization of Church and Kleene's partial recursive…
The probability distribution of the real and imaginary parts of atomic scattering lengths $a$ are derived, in a two-channel model that allows for inelastic scattering to occur. While the real part of $a$ remains Cauchy-distributed, as…
Concept of entangled probability distribution of several random variables is introduced. These probability distributions describe multimode quantum states in probability representation of quantum mechanics. Example of entangled probability…
Employing the experimental electro-weak interactions between quarks and leptons, the spin of the proton may easily be understood in terms of the spins of the constituent quarks.
Probability-like parameters appearing in some statistical models, and their prior distributions, are reinterpreted through the notion of `circumstance', a term which stands for any piece of knowledge that is useful in assigning a…
Parton distribution functions give the probability to find partons (quarks and gluons) in a hadron as a function of the fraction x of the proton's momentum carried by the parton. They are conventionally defined in terms of matrix elements…
A class of probability distributions is characterized via equalities in law between two order statistics shifted by independent exponential variables. An explicit formula for the quintile function of the identified family of distributions…
This expository note describes how to apply the method of maximum likelihood to estimate the parameters of the ``$q$-exponential'' distributions introduced by Tsallis and collaborators. It also describes the relationship of these…
We outline a statistical theory of turbulence based on the Lagrangian formulation of fluid motion. We derive a hierarchy of evolution equations for Lagrangian N-point probability distributions as well as a functional equation for a suitably…
Angular distribution of the secondary lepton in top-quark production followed by subsequent semi-leptonic decay is studied assuming general top-quark couplings. It is shown that the distribution does not depend on any possible anomalous tbW…
Given a random real quadratic field from $\{ \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{p}\,) ~|~ p \text{ primes} \}$, the conjectural probability $\mathbb{P}(h=q)$ that it has class number $q$ is given for all positive odd integers $q$. Some related conjectures of…
We consider a driven Brownian particle, subject to both conservative and non-conservative applied forces, whose probability evolves according to the Kramers equation. We derive a general fluctuation relation, expressing the ratio of the…
We propose a general expression for the probability distribution of real-valued tunneling times of a localized particle, as measured by the Salecker-Wigner-Peres quantum clock. This general expression is used to obtain the distribution of…