Related papers: The 4th State of Matter: The Delta State
The empirical formula of Timmermanns connecting the density of the crystal at zero absolute temperature with the parameters of the critical point of the gas-liquid phase transition is derived theoretically from the Van der Waals equation of…
We show that the notion of critical droplets is central to an understanding of the nature of ground states in the Edwards-Anderson Ising model of a spin glass in arbitrary dimension. Given a specific ground state, suppose the coupling value…
The state of matter above the critical point is terra incognita, and is loosely discussed as a physically homogeneous flowing state where no differences can be made between a liquid and a gas and where properties undergo no marked or…
We consider liquid-vapor systems in finite volume $V\subset\R^d$ at parameter values corresponding to phase coexistence and study droplet formation due to a fixed excess $\delta N$ of particles above the ambient gas density. We identify a…
The paper analyzes a general case of an equation of state, which is an analytical function at the critical point of the liquid-vapor first order phase transition of pure substance. It is shown that the equality to zero of the first- and…
There are at least three fundamental states of matter, depending upon temperature and pressure: gas, liquid, and solid (crystal). These states are separated by first-order phase transitions between them. In both gas and liquid phases the…
There are three kinds of solid states of matter that can exist in physical space: quasicrystalline (quasiperiodic), crystalline (periodic) and amorphous (aperiodic). Herein, we consider the degree of orientational order that develops upon…
We propose an approach toward understanding the spin glass phase at zero and low temperature by studying the stability of a spin glass ground state against perturbations of a single coupling. After reviewing the concepts of flexibility,…
The Bell's basis is composed of four maximally entangled states of two qubits, named Bell states. They are usual tools in many theoretical studies and experiments. The aim of this paper is to find out the symmetries that determine a Bell…
It is well-known that the pointer basis of a quantum system satisfies the condition to diagonalize the interaction Hamiltonian between the subsystems. We show that this condition can be translated into the form $\delta\Lambda=0,$ where…
In recent years a fashion has grown up to ascribe great importance to ``quantum critical points'' at T=0, at the boundary between the basins of attraction to the stable fixed points of ordered ground states. I argue that more physical…
From a minimal set made of four scale factors defined at the liquid-gas critical point of a pure fluid, and one adjustable parameter which accounts for particle quantum effects, we demonstrate here a master singular behavior of the…
Macrogases are defined as two-component, large-scale celestial objects where the subsystems interact only via gravitation. The macrogas equation of state is formulated and compared to the van der Waals equation of state for ordinary gases.…
This is a summarising investigation of the events of the phase transition of the first order that occur in the critical region below the liquid-gas critical point. The grand partition function has been completely integrated in the…
We experimentally study the critical properties of the non-equilibrium solid-liquid-like transition that takes place in vibrated granular matter. The critical dynamics is characterized by the coupling of the density field with the…
The gas-liquid phase transition of the three-dimensional Lennard-Jones particles system is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The gas and liquid densities in the coexisting state are determined with high accuracy. The critical point…
This work proposes a classification algorithm based on the radical Voronoi tessellation to define the Widom delta, supercritical gas-liquid coexistence region, of polyatomic molecules. In specific, we use a weighted mean-field…
Realistic equations of state valid in the whole state space of a multi-component mixture should satisfy at least three important constraints: (i) The Gibbs phase rule holds. (ii) At low densities, one can deduce a virial equation of state…
Differential geometry is powerful tool to analyze the vapor-liquid critical point on the surface of the thermodynamic equation of state. The existence of usual condition of the critical point $\left( \partial p/\partial V\right) _{T}=0$…
A theory is derived for the nonequilibrium probability currents of the capillary interaction which determines the pair correlation function near contact. This yields an analytic expression for the equation of state, P = P(N/V,T), of wet…