Related papers: A New Look at the Neutron and the Lamb Shift
We will show that one half of the rest mass of the electron is equal to the sum of the rest masses of electron neutrinos and that the other half of the rest mass of the electron is given by the energy in the sum of electric oscillations.…
The ratio between the proton and electron masses is shown to be close to the ratio between the strong and electromagnetic interaction coupling constants at Extremely Low Energy (ELE). Based on the experimental data, this relation has been…
The rest masses of the electron, the muon and of the stable mesons and baryons can be explained, within 1% accuracy, with the standing wave model, which uses only photons, neutrinos, charge and the weak nuclear force. We do not need…
The existence and stability of atoms rely on the fact that neutrons are more massive than protons. The measured mass difference is only 0.14\% of the average of the two masses. A slightly smaller or larger value would have led to a…
We derive a new relation between the observed Lamb shift energies of hydrogen and muonium atoms. The relation is based on the non-relativistic description of the Lamb shift, and the proper treatment of the reduced mass of electron and…
We have determined theoretically the rest mass of the muon neutrino at 50 milli-eV and the rest mass of the electron neutrino at 5 meV, as well as, to 1% accuracy, the ratio of the masses of the stable elementary particles which decay by…
A method for quantization of the proton mass is here addressed, which provides a plausible explanation for the origin of mass and leads to the unification of mass and electric charge through their coupling. By means of an electromagnetic…
The rest masses of the stable mesons and baryons and the rest masses of their antiparticles, as well as the rest masses of the mu (+,-) and tau (+,-) leptons can be explained, within 1% accuracy, with the standing wave model, which uses…
Only photons are needed to explain the masses of the pi(0), eta, Lambda, Sigma(0), Xi(0), Omega(-), Lambda(c,+), Sigma(c,0), Xi(c,0), and Omega(c,0) mesons and baryons. Only neutrinos are needed to explain the mass of the pi(+-) mesons.…
The united rest mass and charge of a particle correspond to the two forms of the same regularity of the unified nature of its ultimate structure. Each of them contains the electric, weak, strong and the gravitational contributions. As a…
The "proton radius puzzle" is the 7-standard-deviations difference of the charge radius of the proton as determined from the Lamb shift in electronic hydrogen and elastic electron scattering off the proton on the one side and the high…
A new, relativistically covariant, massive Lorentz Electrodynamics (LED) is presented in which the bare particle has a finite positive bare rest mass and moment of inertia. The particle's electromagnetic self-interaction renormalizes its…
We explore the limits on neutrino mass which follow from a study of the long-range forces that arise from the exchange of massless or ultra-light neutrinos. Although the 2-body neutrino-exchange force is unobservably small, the many-body…
We present a lattice calculation of the mass difference between neutron and proton, for which we find $ M_n - M_p = 1.73(69) \, \text{MeV}$. This is obtained at 1st order in the $QED$ coupling $\alpha_{EM}$ and in the mass difference…
We show that the rest mass of a system consisting of two photons is a relativistic invariant having the same magnitude in all inertial reference frames in relative motion. A scenario which starts with two photons where theirs frequencies…
The Quantum Cheshire Cat experiment showed that when weak measurements are performed on pre- and post-selected system, the counterintuitive result has been obtained that a neutron is measured to be in one place without its spin, and its…
Comparison of properties of quark and leptons as well as understanding their similarities and differences is one of the milestones on the way to underlying physics. Several observations, if not accidental, can strongly affect the…
The exchange of massless neutrinos between heavy fermions (e.g. $e,p,n$) gives rise to a long-range 2-body force. It is shown that the analogous many-body force can lead to an unphysically large energy density in white dwarfs and neutron…
In the theory of the Dirac equation and in the standard model, the neutrino is massless. Both these theories use Lorentz invariance. In modern approaches however, spacetime is no longer smooth, and this modifies special relativity. We show…
The Cottingham formula expresses the electromagnetic part of the mass of a particle in terms of the virtual Compton scattering amplitude. At large photon momenta, this amplitude is dominated by short distance singularities associated with…