Related papers: Potential Momentum, Gauge Theory, and Electromagne…
By means of the Helmholtz theorem on the decomposition of vector fields, the angular momentum of the classical electromagnetic field is decomposed, in a general and manifestly gauge invariant manner, into a spin component and an orbital…
In electrostatics, we can use either potential energy or field energy to ensure conservation of energy. In electrodynamics, the former option is unavailable. To ensure conservation of energy, we must attribute energy to the electromagnetic…
The concept of electromotive force (emf) may be introduced in various ways in an undergraduate course of theoretical electromagnetism. The multitude of alternate expressions for the emf is often the source of confusion to the student. We…
It is shown that a well-defined expression for the total electromagnetic force $f^{em}$ on a point charge source of the classical electromagnetic field can be extracted from the postulate of total momentum conservation whenever the…
We consider a quantum spinless nonrelativistic charged particle moving in the $xy$ plane under the action of a time-dependent magnetic field, described by means of the linear vector potential ${\bf A}=B(t)\PG{-y(1+\alpha),x(1-\alpha)}/2$,…
A canonical relativistic formulation is introduced to quantize electromagnetic field in the presence of a polarizable and magnetizable moving medium. The medium is modeled by a continuum of four vectors in a phenomenological way. The…
The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has…
We generalize the derivation of electromagnetic fields of a charged particle moving with a constant acceleration [1] to a variable acceleration (piecewise constants) over a small finite time interval using Coulomb's law, relativistic…
By developing the previously proposed method of combining continuum mechanics with Einstein Field Equations, it has been shown that the classic relativistic description, curvilinear description, and quantum description of the physical…
Linear and angular momenta of a soliton in a ferromagnet are commonly derived through the application of Noether's theorem. We show that these quantities exhibit unphysical behavior: they depend on the choice of a gauge potential in the…
It is proposed a natural and consistent division of the momentum of electromagnetic waves in linear, non-dispersive and non-absorptive dielectric and magnetic media into material and electromagnetic parts. The material part is calculated…
The problems considered refer to the material equations of electric- and magnetoelectric induction. Some contradictions found in fundamental studies on classical electrodynamics have been explained. The notion magnetoelectric induction has…
Gravity, and the puzzle regarding its energy, can be understood from a gauge theory perspective. Gravity, i.e., dynamical spacetime geometry, can be considered as a local gauge theory of the symmetry group of Minkowski spacetime: the…
An important issue in phenomenological macroscopic electrodynamics of moving media is the definition of the energy and momentum of the electromagnetic field in matter. Rather surprisingly, this topic has demonstrated a remarkable longevity,…
Minimizing the Action integral of a Lagrangian provides the Euler-Lagrange equation of motion in the elegant machinery of Lagrangian Mechanics. However two relations define the divergence of current and energy-momentum, and provide an…
It is shown that the point charge and magnetic moment of electron produce together such a field that total electromagnetic momentum has a component perpendicular to electron velocity. As a result classical electron models, having magnetic…
It is generally expected from intuition that the electromagnetic force exerted on a charged particle should remain unchanged when observed in different reference frames in uniform translational motion. In the special relativity, this…
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
Background fields of electromagnetic and gravitational type emerge in the low kinetic energy limit of any regular Lagrangian system and, in particular, in the corresponding limit of any spacetime theory in which the free motion of test…
The Dirac approach to include magnetic charge in Maxwell's equations places the magnetic charge at the end of a string on which the the fields of the theory develop a singularity. In this paper an alternative formulation of classical…