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In the late 1990s, observations of type Ia supernovae led to the astounding discovery that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. The explanation of this anomalous acceleration has been one of the great problems in physics since…

General Physics · Physics 2015-11-09 Wun-Yi Shu

We argue that an understanding of the Arrow of Time is urgently required if recent string-theoretic ideas about cosmology are to be made to function. In the string Landscape, the nucleation of baby universes is postulated to "populate" the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-11-10 Brett McInnes

The work done by Isaac Newton more than three hundred years ago, continues being a path to increase our knowledge of Nature. To better understand all the ideas behind it, one of the finest ways is to generalize them to wider situations. In…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Miguel-C. Muñoz-Lecanda

Physical geometry studies mutual disposition of geometrical objects and points in space, or space-time, which is described by the distance function $ d$, or by the world function $\sigma =d^{2}/2$. One suggests a new general method of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yuri A. Rylov

Duality, the equivalence between seemingly distinct quantum systems, is a curious property that has been known for at least three quarters of a century. In the past two decades it has played a central role in mapping out the structure of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-28 Joseph Polchinski

This a book is for those who would like to learn something about special and general relativity beyond the usual textbooks, about quantum field theory, the elegant Fock-Schwinger-Stueckelberg proper time formalism, the elegant description…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Matej Pavsic

A very brief review is given of the current state of research in quantum gravity. Over the past fifteen years, two approaches have emerged as the most promising paths to a quantum theory of gravity: string theory and quantum geometry. I…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Gary T. Horowitz

Cosmologies based on General Relativity encompassing an anti-symmetric connection (torsion) can display nice desirable features as the absence of the initial singularity and the possibility of inflation in the early stage of the universe.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-12 Sergio Bravo Medina , Marek Nowakowski , Davide Batic

In this paper, we propose that 'embodied mathematics' should be studied not only by reduction to the present individual bodily experience but in an historical context as well, as far as the origins of mathematics are concerned. Some early…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Dionyssios Lappas , Panayotis Spyrou

String theories suggest the existence of a plethora of axion-like fields with masses spread over a huge number of decades. Here we show that these ideas lend themselves to a model of quintessence with no super-Planckian field excursions and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-12-24 Marc Kamionkowski , Josef Pradler , Devin G. E. Walker

The large-scale structure of the Universe is well approximated by the Friedmann equations, parametrized by several energy densities which can be observationally inferred. A natural question to ask is: How different would the Universe be if…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-20 Arthur G. Suvorov

When joined the unified gauge picture of fundamental interactions, the gravitation theory leads to geometry of a space-time which is far from simplicity of pseudo-Riemannian geometry of Einstein's General Relativity. This is geometry of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Sardanashvily

The Ehlers-Pirani-Schild (EPS) constructive axiomatisation of general relativity, published in 1972, purports to build up the kinematical structure of that theory from only axioms which have indubitable empirical content. It is, therefore,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-30 Niels Linnemann , James Read

The concept of time-space defined in an earlier paper of the author is a certain generalization of the so-called space-time. In this paper we introduce the concept of time-space manifolds. In the homogeneous case, a time-space manifold is a…

General Physics · Physics 2016-06-09 Ákos G. Horváth

In this paper, we deal with uniform spaces whose diagonal uniformity admits a basis consisting of equivalence relations. Such non-Archimedean uniform spaces are particularly interesting for applications in commutative ring theory, because…

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-11-19 Daniel Windisch

I review the present theoretical attempts to understand the quantum properties of spacetime. In particular, I illustrate the main achievements and the main difficulties in: string theory, loop quantum gravity, discrete quantum gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlo Rovelli

I show that Aristotelian physics is a correct and non-intuitive approximation of Newtonian physics in the suitable domain (motion in fluids), in the same technical sense in which Newton theory is an approximation of Einstein's theory.…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Carlo Rovelli

Based upon the unique and simple starting point of the continuous flow of time a physical theory is derived through an analysis of the elementary arithmetic composition and symmetries of this one-dimensional progression. We describe how the…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 David J. Jackson

Physical geometry studies mutual disposition of geometrical objects and points in space, or space-time, which is described by the distance function d, or by the world function \sigma =d^{2}/2. One suggests a new general method of the…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuri A. Rylov

We describe a class of modified gravity theories that deform general relativity in a way that breaks time reversal invariance and, very mildly, locality. The algebra of constraints, local physical degrees of freedom, and their linearized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-12 Marina Cortes , Henrique Gomes , Lee Smolin