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It is hard for us humans to recognize things in nature until we have invented them ourselves. For image-forming optics, nature has made virtually every kind of lens humans have devised. But what about lensless "imaging"? Recently, we showed…
The human eye appears to be using a low number of sensors for image capturing. Furthermore, regarding the physical dimensions of cones-photoreceptors responsible for the sharp central vision-, we may realize that these sensors are of a…
Neuromorphic engineering is essentially the development of artificial systems, such as electronic analog circuits that employ information representations found in biological nervous systems. Despite being faster and more accurate than the…
Does the brain construct an efficient representation of the sensory world? We review progress on this question, focusing on a series of experiments in the last decade which use fly vision as a model system in which theory and experiment can…
Visual object recognition is one of the most important perception functions for a wide range of intelligent machines. A conventional recognition process begins with forming a clear optical image of the object, followed by its computer…
Diffraction limits the behaviour of light in optical systems and sets the smallest achievable line width at half the wavelength. With a novel subwavelength plasmonic lens to reduce the diffraction via an asymmetry and to generate and…
The thinnest possible camera is achieved by removing all optics, leaving only the image sensor. We train deep neural networks to perform multi-class detection and binary classification (with accuracy of 92%) on optics-free images without…
Computer vision systems are designed to work well within the context of everyday photography. However, artists often render the world around them in ways that do not resemble photographs. Artwork produced by people is not constrained to…
Even though the brain operates in pure darkness, within the skull, it can infer the most likely causes of its sensory input. An approach to modelling this inference is to assume that the brain has a generative model of the world, which it…
Electrons and photons offer complementary strengths for information processing. Photons are excellent for communication, while electrons are superior for computation and memory. Cognition requires distributed computation to be communicated…
This paper introduces a new lightweight method for image recognition. ImageSig is based on computing signatures and does not require a convolutional structure or an attention-based encoder. It is striking to the authors that it achieves: a)…
Using the complementary wave- and particle-like natures of photons, it is possible to make ``interaction-free'' measurements where the presence of an object can be determined with no photons being absorbed. We investigated several…
A minimalist vision system uses the smallest number of pixels needed to solve a vision task. While traditional cameras use a large grid of square pixels, a minimalist camera uses freeform pixels that can take on arbitrary shapes to increase…
The advantages of convergent beam electron diffraction for symmetry determination at the scale of a few nm are well known. In practice, the approach is often limited due to the restriction on the angular range of the electron beam imposed…
The intricate nature of the brain necessitates the application of advanced probing techniques to comprehensively study and understand its working mechanisms. Neurophotonics offers minimally invasive methods to probe the brain using optics…
Lensless imaging seeks to replace/remove the lens in a conventional imaging system. The earliest cameras were in fact lensless, relying on long exposure times to form images on the other end of a small aperture in a darkened room/container…
To design and construct hardware for general intelligence, we must consider principles of both neuroscience and very-large-scale integration. For large neural systems capable of general intelligence, the attributes of photonics for…
A de facto standard in solving computer vision problems is to use a common high-resolution camera and choose its placement on an agent (i.e., position and orientation) based on human intuition. On the other hand, extremely simple and…
We introduce an all-optical system, termed the "lying mirror", to hide input information by transforming it into misleading, ordinary-looking patterns that effectively camouflage the underlying image data and deceive the observers. This…
This paper proposes a non-computational method of counteracting the effect of image degradation introduced by the diffraction phenomenon in lensless microscopy. All the optical images (whether focused by lenses or not) are diffraction…