Related papers: How potentials in different gauges yield the same …
Dirac, Schwinger and Zwanziger theories of electric and magnetic charges are obtained via duality transformation. Analogous construction for three Euclidean dimensions, with magnetic charges interacting with electric currents, is also done.…
We reconsider perturbative unitarity in quantum field theory and upgrade several arguments and results. The minimum assumptions that lead to the largest time equation, the cutting equations and the unitarity equation are identified. Using…
A time dependent generalization of the Ginzburg -Landau Lagrangian is proposed. It contains two terms determining the time dependence and the four arbitrary scalar functions. Relevant equations, which coincide with equations following from…
We derive an analytic solution for the electromagnetic vector potential in any gauge directly from Maxwell's equations for potentials for an arbitrary time-dependent charge-current distribution. No gauge condition is used in the derivation.…
There are many interesting problems about the electrostatic potential of finitely many charges. We consider one of them concerning the intensity of the field, in other words, about the magnitude of the gradient of this potential. We want to…
In the semiclassical approximation in which the electric charges of scalar particles are described by Grassmann variables ($Q_i^2=0, Q_iQ_j\ne 0$), it is possible to re-express the Lienard-Wiechert potentials and electric fields in the…
We study the static potential between electric charges in the finite temperature three dimensional compact gauge theory on the lattice. We show that in the deconfinement phase at small separations between the charges the potential contains…
A few years ago, 't Hooft suggested a way to discuss confinement in a perturbative fashion. The original idea was put forward in the Coulomb gauge at tree level. In recent years, the concept of a nonperturbative short distance linear…
The use of proper time as a tool for causality implementation in field theory is clarified and extended to allow a manifestly covariant definition of discrete fields proper to be applied in field theory and quantum mechanics. It implies on…
Charges associated with gauge symmetries are defined on boundaries of spacetimes. But these constructions typically involve divergent quantities when considering asymptotic boundaries. Different prescriptions exist to address this problem,…
Differences between vector potentials in different gauges contain no dynamics in both classical and quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Consequently, once gauge invariance is established, results calculated in non-covariant gauges…
We investigate "instantaneous interquark potential", an interesting gauge-dependent quantity defined from the spatial correlator $<\mathrm{Tr} [U_4^\dagger(s)U_4(s')]>$ of the temporal link-variable $U_4$, in detail in generalized Landau…
A numerical scheme utilizing a grid which is staggered in both space and time is proposed for the numerical solution of the (2+1)D Dirac equation in presence of an external electromagnetic potential. It preserves the linear dispersion…
The Dirac equation for an electron in two spatial dimensions in the Coulomb and homogeneous magnetic fields is discussed. For weak magnetic fields, the approximate energy values are obtained by semiclassical method. In the case with strong…
We examine the behaviour of a charged particle in a two-dimensional confining potential, in the presence of a magnetic field. The confinement serves to remove the otherwise infinite degeneracy, but additional ingredients are required to…
Electromagnetic potentials allow for an alternative description of the Maxwell field, the electric and magnetic components of which emerge as gradients of the vector and the scalar potential. We provide a general relativistic analysis of…
We demonstrate in examples that the covariant retarded Green's functions in electromagnetism and linearized gravity work as expected in de Sitter spacetime. We first clarify how retarded Green's functions should be used in spacetimes with…
The Schr\"{o}dinger equation of a charged particle in a uniform electric field can be specified in either a time-independent or a time-dependent gauge. The wave-function solutions in these two gauges are related by a phase-factor reflecting…
A Galilean invariant description of the retarded electric interaction of two moving charges is carried out, considering the EM action to propagate at the speed of light. Through the altering of the Li\'enard-Wiechert potential (LWP) a new…
We consider nonlinear gauged sigma-models with Kahler domain and target. For a special choice of potential these models admit Bogomolny (or self-duality) equations -- the so-called vortex equations. We find the moduli space and energy…