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We study structure learning for linear Gaussian SEMs in the presence of latent confounding. Existing continuous methods excel when errors are independent, while deconfounding-first pipelines rely on pervasive factor structure or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Samhita Pal , James O'quinn , Kaveh Aryan , Heather Pua , James P. Long , Amir Asiaee

Independent or i.i.d. innovations is an essential assumption in the literature for analyzing a vector time series. However, this assumption is either too restrictive for a real-life time series to satisfy or is hard to verify through a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Yunyi Zhang

Accurately estimating the statistical properties of noise is important in data analysis for space-based gravitational wave detectors. Noise in different time-delay interferometry channels correlates with each other. Many studies often…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Ya-Nan Li , Yi-Ming Hu , En-Kun Li

We study the covariance properties of real space correlation function estimators -- primarily galaxy-shear correlations, or galaxy-galaxy lensing -- using SDSS data for both shear catalogs and lenses (specifically the BOSS LOWZ sample).…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-30 Sukhdeep Singh , Rachel Mandelbaum , Uroš Seljak , Anže Slosar , Jose Vazquez Gonzalez

We study synchronization properties of general uncoupled limit-cycle oscillators driven by common and independent Gaussian white noises. Using phase reduction and averaging methods, we analytically derive the stationary distribution of the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Hiroya Nakao , Kensuke Arai , Yoji Kawamura

Cosmological analyses of second-order weak lensing statistics require precise and accurate covariance estimates. These covariances are impacted by two sometimes neglected terms: A negative contribution to the Gaussian covariance due to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-04 Laila Linke , Pierre A. Burger , Sven Heydenreich , Lucas Porth , Peter Schneider

In this paper we consider the generation of discrete white noise. Despite this seems to be a simple problem, common noise generator implementations do not deliver comparable results at different sampling rates. First we define what we mean…

Sound · Computer Science 2011-03-22 Henning Thielemann

Reliable state estimation hinges on accurate specification of sensor noise covariances, which weigh heterogeneous measurements. In practice, these covariances are difficult to identify due to environmental variability, front-end…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Haoying Li , Yifan Peng , Xinghan Li , Junfeng Wu

Repeated measures analyses require proper choice of the correlation model to ensure accurate inference and optimal efficiency. The linear exponent autoregressive (LEAR) correlation model provides a flexible two-parameter correlation…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-27 Sean L. Simpson , Min Zhu , Keith E. Muller

The ordinary spectrum is restricted in its applications, since it is based on the second order moments (auto and cross-covariances). Alternative approaches to spectrum analysis have been investigated based on other measures of dependence.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-26 Lars Arne Jordanger , Dag Tjøstheim

The problem of covariance estimation for replicated surface-valued processes is examined from the functional data analysis perspective. Considerations of statistical and computational efficiency often compel the use of separability of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-25 Tomas Masak , Victor M. Panaretos

Cosmological observables rely heavily on summary statistics such as two-point correlation functions. In many practical cases (e.g. the weak-lensing cosmic shear), those correlation functions are estimated from a finite, discrete sample of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-24 Pierre Fleury

In this paper, we study a linear control system with a given state feedback law. The system is influenced by rapid random sampling occurring at frequency $\frac 1n, n \in \mathbb N$, as well as by white noise of small intensity $\varepsilon…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Sarvesh Ravichandran Iyer , Vivek Kumar

Stochastic averaging problems with Gaussian forcing have been studied thoroughly for many years, but far less attention has been paid to problems where the stochastic forcing has infinite variance, such as an {\alpha}-stable noise forcing.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-24 William F. Thompson , Rachel A. Kuske , Adam. H. Monahan

We study associative memory based on temporal coding in which successful retrieval is realized as an entrainment in a network of simple phase oscillators with distributed natural frequencies under the influence of white noise. The memory…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Masahiko Yoshioka , Masatoshi Shiino

I calculate the statistics of correlation of two digitized noiselike signals, which are drawn from complex Gaussian distributions, sampled, quantized, correlated, and averaged. Averaged over many such samples, the correlation r approaches a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Carl Gwinn

This paper studies the problem of estimating a covariance matrix from correlated sub-Gaussian samples. We consider using the correlated sample covariance matrix estimator to approximate the true covariance matrix. We establish…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Xu Zhang , Wei Cui , Yulong Liu

The presence of label noise often misleads the training of deep neural networks. Departing from the recent literature which largely assumes the label noise rate is only determined by the true label class, the errors in human-annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zhaowei Zhu , Tongliang Liu , Yang Liu

This paper considers the problem of estimating a periodic function in a continuous time regression model with an additive stationary gaussian noise having unknown correlation function. A general model selection procedure on the basis of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-10 Victor Konev , Serguei Pergamenchtchikov

We present two linear relations between an arbitrary (real tempered second order) generalized stochastic process over $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and White Noise processes over $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. The first is that any generalized stochastic process can…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-04 R. Carrizo Vergara