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The proton radius puzzle is known as the discrepancy of the proton radius, obtained from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy (obtained as being roughly equal to 0.84fm), and the proton radius obtained from (ordinary) hydrogen spectroscopy where a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Ulrich D. Jentschura

The contribution of the proton polarizability to the ground state hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen is evaluated on the basis of modern experimental and theoretical results on the proton polarized structure functions. The value of this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 E. V. Cherednikova , R. N. Faustov , A. P. Martynenko

We investigate the effect of two-photon exchange processes upon the rms- and Zemach radii extracted from electron-proton scattering. We find that the changes are small and do not help to explain the discrepancy between experimental and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Peter G. Blunden , Ingo Sick

Charge radii of hadrons are back in the focus since precision spectroscopic measurements in muonic hydrogen revealed a proton charge radius considerably smaller than generally accepted ever since R.~Hofstaedter's pioneering experiments.…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-11-02 Stephan Paul

We calculate the contribution from the two-photon exchange on the neutron to the hyperfine splitting of S energy levels. We update the value of the neutron Zemach radius, estimate total recoil and polarizability corrections. The resulting…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-04-03 Oleksandr Tomalak

Recently a high-precision measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen has been performed. An accurate value of the proton charge radius can be extracted from this datum with a high accuracy. To do that a sufficient accuracy should be…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-04 Savely G. Karshenboim

We calculate the two-photon exchange corrections to electron-proton scattering with nucleon and $\Delta$ intermediate states. The results show a dependence on the elastic nucleon and nucleon-$\Delta$-transition form factors used as input…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-01-29 I. T. Lorenz , Ulf-G. Meißner , H. -W. Hammer , Y. -B. Dong

We revisit the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron in the original-minimal soft-wall holographic QCD, which has only two parameters, i.e., the mass scale $\kappa$ and the twist parameter of the nucleon $\tau$. We first…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-04-20 Kiminad A. Mamo , Ismail Zahed

Static properties of hadrons such as their radii and other moments of the electric and magnetic distributions can only be extracted using theoretical methods and not directly measured from experiments. As a result, discrepancies between the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-16 N. G. Kelkar , T. Mart , M. Nowakowski

We study the world data on elastic electron-proton scattering in order to determine the proton charge rms-radius. After accounting for the Coulomb distortion and using a parameterization that allows to deal properly with the higher moments…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 Ingo Sick

The contribution of the proton polarizability to the ground state hyperfine splitting in the hydrogen atom is evaluated on the basis of isobar model and evolution equations for the parton distributions. The contributions of the Born terms,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 R. N. Faustov , I. V. Gorbacheva , A. P. Martynenko

Several recent publications claim that the proton charge {\em rms}-radius resulting from the analysis of electron scattering data restricted to {\em low} momentum transfer agrees with the radius determined from muonic hydrogen, in contrast…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-02-01 Ingo Sick , Dirk Trautmann

The weak charge of the proton determines its coupling to the $Z^0$ boson. The distribution of weak charge is found to be dramatically different from the distribution of electric charge. The proton's weak radius $R_W= 1.545\pm 0.017$ fm is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-01-17 C. J. Horowitz

Using dispersion theory with an improved description of the two-pion continuum based on the precise Roy-Steiner analysis of pion-nucleon scattering, we analyze recent data from electron-proton scattering. This allows for a high-precision…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-01 Yong-Hui Lin , Hans-Werner Hammer , Ulf-G. Meißner

The charge radius of the proton has been measured in scattering and spectroscopy experiments using both electronic and muonic probes. The electronic and muonic measurements are discrepant at $5\sigma$, giving rise to what is known as the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-12-04 William Detmold , Anthony Grebe , Phiala Shanahan

Radiative corrections to the Zemach contribution of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting are calculated. Their contributions amount to $-0.63(3)$ ppm to the HFS. The radiative recoil corrections are estimated to be $0.09(3)$ ppm and heavy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 Savely G. Karshenboim

The mass radius is a fundamental property of the proton that so far has not been determined from experiment. Here we show that the mass radius of the proton can be rigorously defined through the formfactor of the trace of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-22 Dmitri E. Kharzeev

The contribution of the proton polarizability to the hydrogen hyperfine splitting is evaluated on the basis of modern experimental and theoretical results on the proton polarized structure functions. The value of this correction is equal to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 R. N. Faustov , A. P. Martynenko

A puzzling discrepancy exists between the values of the proton charge radius obtained using different experimental techniques: elastic electron-proton scattering and spectroscopy of electronic and muonic hydrogen. The proton radius is…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-03-07 Alexander V. Gramolin , Rebecca L. Russell

We combine constraints from analyticity with experimental electron-proton scattering data to determine the proton magnetic radius without model-dependent assumptions on the shape of the form factor. We also study the impact of including…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-10-29 Zachary Epstein , Gil Paz , Joydeep Roy