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The quest for complete observables in general relativity has been a longstanding open problem. We employ methods from descriptive set theory to show that no complete observable on rich enough collections of spacetimes is Borel definable. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-24 Aristotelis Panagiotopoulos , George Sparling , Marios Christodoulou

We review the canonical theory for perfect fluids, in Eulerian and Lagrangian formulations. The theory is related to a description of extended structures in higher dimensions. Internal symmetry and supersymmetry degrees of freedom are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Jackiw , V. P. Nair , S. -Y. Pi , A. P. Polychronakos

The aim of an invisibility device is to guide light around any object put inside, being able to hide objects from sight. In this work, we propose a novel design of dielectric invisibility media based on negative refraction and optical…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Ochiai , U. Leonhardt , J. C. Nacher

We establish a rigorous quantitative connection between (i) the interferometric duality relation for which-way information and fringe visibility and (ii) Heisenberg's uncertainty relation for position and modular momentum. We apply our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-27 K. -P. Marzlin , B. C. Sanders , P. L. Knight

Bianisotropics is conceived as a physical concept describing electromagnetic media which possess intrinsic mechanisms of magnetoelectric coupling. We propose the main idea of bianisotropics as a combination of two physical notions: (a) the…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 E. O. Kamenetskii

A perfect lens with unlimited resolution has always posed a challenge to both theoretical and experimental physicists. Recent developments in optical meta-materials promise an attractive approach towards perfect lenses using negative…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-19 Jianjun Cao , Yuanlin Zheng , Yaming Feng , Xianfeng Chen , Wenjie Wan

The non-magnetic loss material has been proposed (2011 New J. Phys. 13 023038) to mimic a passive perfect drain in the Maxwell's fish eye lens (MFL). In this comment, we argue that this passive medium can only be treated as a perfect…

Optics · Physics 2013-03-11 Fei Sun

We investigate newtonian description of accreting compact bodies with hard surfaces, including luminosity and selfgravitation of polytropic perfect fluids. This nonlinear integro-differential problem reduces, under appropriate boundary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Janusz Karkowski , Edward Malec , Krzysztof Roszkowski

Lenses, optics and dependent lenses (or equivalently morphisms of containers, or equivalently natural transformations of polynomial functors) are all widely used in applied category theory as models of bidirectional processes. From the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-22 Dylan Braithwaite , Matteo Capucci , Bruno Gavranović , Jules Hedges , Eigil Fjeldgren Rischel

We consider a self-consistent system of Bianchi type-I (BI) gravitational field and a binary mixture of perfect fluid and dark energy. The perfect fluid is taken to be the one obeying the usual equation of state, i.e., $p = \zeta \ve$, with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-01 Bijan Saha

We investigate imaging by spherically symmetric absolute instruments that provide perfect imaging in the sense of geometrical optics. We derive a number of properties of such devices, present a general method for designing them and use this…

Optics · Physics 2014-06-16 Tomas Tyc , Lenka Herzanova , Martin Sarbort , Klaus Bering

The idea of monotonicity (or positive-definiteness in the linear case) is shown to be the central theme of the solution theories associated with problems of mathematical physics. A "grand unified" setting is surveyed covering a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-06-19 Rainer Picard , Sascha Trostorff , Marcus Waurick

We show theoretically that coherent light can be completely absorbed in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional metallic nanostructure by matching the frequency and field pattern of an incident wave to that of a localized surface plasmon…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-30 Heeso Noh , Yidong Chong , A. Douglas Stone , Hui Cao

Metamaterials are beginning to transform optics and microwave technology thanks to their versatile properties that, in many cases, can be tailored according to practical needs and desires. Although metamaterials are surely not the answer to…

Optics · Physics 2009-09-16 Ulf Leonhardt , Thomas G. Philbin

In gravitational lensing, the concept of optical depth assumes the lens is dark. Several microlensing detections have now been made where the lens may be bright. Relations are developed between apparent and absolute optical depth in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Robert J. Nemiroff

Solutions to the field equations of the Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory with $g_[i0] = 0$ are obtained for the homogeneous, plane-symmetric, time-dependent case, both in vacuum and in the presence of a perfect fluid. Cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Pierre Savaria

With a conventional lens sharpness of the image is always limited by the wavelength of light. An unconventional alternative to a lens, a slab of negative refractive index material, has the power to focus all Fourier components of a 2D…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-03 JB Pendry

The anisotropic Bianchi I cosmological model coupled with perfect fluid is quantized in the minisuperspace. The perfect fluid is described by using the Schutz formalism which allows to attribute dynamical degrees of freedom to matter. A…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 F. G. Alvarenga , A. B. Batista , J. C. Fabris , S. V. B. Gonçalves

We show that anisotropic negative effective dispersion relation can be achieved in pure dielectric rod-type metamaterials by turning from the symmetry of a square lattice to that of a rectangular one, i.e. by breaking the rotation symmetry…

Optics · Physics 2010-06-18 Liang Peng , Lixin Ran , Niels Asger Mortensen

For deuteron photo- and electrodisintegration the selection of complete sets of polarization observables is discussed in detail by applying a recently developed new criterion for the check of completeness of a chosen set of observables. The…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Hartmuth Arenhoevel , Winfried Leidemann , Edward L. Tomusiak