Related papers: Four-dimensional Matter
In d=4 de Sitter space, novel conformally invariant photon-like theories consistently couple to charged matter. We show that these higher spin, maximal depth, partially massless systems enjoy a Maxwellian, "electric-magnetic" duality.
In this manuscript we show that the geometrical localization mechanism implies a four dimensional mass for the photon. The consistence of the model provides a mass given exactly by $m_{\gamma}=\sqrt{R}/4$ where $R$ is the Ricci scalar. As a…
The unparticle field operator can be expanded in terms of creation and destruction operators corresponding to particles with a continuous mass spectrum. Hence, when the 4-momentum of an unparticle is measured, then the unparticle manifests…
The governing equations of Maxwell electrodynamics in multi-dimensional spaces are derived from the variational principle of least action which is applied to the action function of the electromagnetic field. The Hamiltonian approach for the…
Quantum mechanics with quaternionic mass is considered. The momentum eigen-value equation with quaternionic mass yields the Klein-Gordon equation with a mass consisting of longitudinal and traverse masses. The scalar field total mass is…
The possibility of mass in the context of scale-invariant, generally covariant theories, is discussed. The realizations of scale invariance which are considered, are in the context of a gravitational theory where the action, in the first…
Starting from a model of an elastic medium, partial differential equations with the form of the coupled Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell equations are derived. The form of these equations describes particles with mass and spin coupled to…
The author discusses particular solutions of a second order equation designated by source equation. This equation is special because the metric of the space where it is written is influenced by the solution, rendering the equation…
The symmetry studies of Maxwell equations gave new insight on the nature of electromagnetic (EM) field. It has in general case quaternion single structure, consisting of four independent field constituents, which differ with each other by…
The results of a number of constituent quark models in matter may be understood in the mean-field approximation by using a simple four-fermi model in 0+1 dimensions.
We argue that a certain distribution of matter in higher dimensions can provide the correct behaviour of gravity in four dimensions. Some explicit examples illustrating the idea are considered.
We consider spacetime to be a 4-dimensional differentiable manifold that can be split locally into time and space. No metric, no linear connection are assumed. Matter is described by classical fields/fluids. We distinguish electrically…
It is shown that trajectories of free motion of the particles in deformed ("quantum") four dimensional space-time are quadratic curves.
I give metrics and equations of motion in 5D general relativity, and use the conservation of momentum and conformal transformations to study the possible variability of particle masses and the cosmological 'constant'. It is feasible that…
A variational principle is applied to 4D Euclidean space provided with a tensor refractive index, defining what can be seen as 4-dimensional optics (4DO). The geometry of such space is analysed, making no physical assumptions of any kind.…
The motion of a classical test particle moving on a 4-dimensional brane embedded in an $n$-dimensional bulk is studied in which the brane is allowed to fluctuate along the extra dimensions. It is shown that these fluctuations produce three…
It is shown that application of dynamic flows concept in 4-dimensional Euclidean space makes possible to form Minkowski space and to formulate the generalized variational problem of electrodynamics and gravi- dynamics. It is shown that…
A conformally invariant generalization of the Willmore energy for compact immersed submanifolds of even dimension in a Riemannian manifold is derived and studied. The energy arises as the coefficient of the log term in the renormalized area…
We compute the intrinsic Hausdorff dimension of spacetime at the infrared fixed point of the quantum conformal factor in 4D gravity. The fractal dimension is defined by the appropriate covariant diffusion equation in four dimensions and is…
Fractals are measurable metric sets with non-integer Hausdorff dimensions. If electric and magnetic fields are defined on fractal and do not exist outside of fractal in Euclidean space, then we can use the fractional generalization of the…