Related papers: True energy-momentum tensors are unique. Electrody…
There exist two popular energy-momentum tensors for an electromagnetic wave in a dielectric medium. The Abraham expression is robust to experimental verification but more mathematically demanding, while the Minkowski expression is the…
The form of the energy-momentum tensor when a quasimonochromatic field propagates into and through an antireflection-coated, sourceless, transparent, continuous, linear magneto-dielectric medium, initially at rest in the local frame,…
The canonical energy-momentum tensor is often considered as a purely academic object because of its gauge dependence. However, it has recently been realized that canonical quantities can in fact be defined in a gauge-invariant way provided…
Within the Lagrange formalism we show that the gauge invariant total energy-momentum tensor for gravitational interactions is zero. If the equations of motion are satisfied the energy tensor is conserved.
This is paper I of a series of two papers, offering a self-contained analysis of the role of electromagnetic stress-energy-momentum tensors in the classical description of continuous polarizable perfectly insulating media. While…
In the literature one often finds the claim that there is no such thing as an energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, and consequently, that the total energy-momentum conservation can only be defined in terms of a gravitational…
It has been assumed for a century that the energy-momentum tensor of the photon takes a symmetric form, with the renowned Poynting vector assigned as the same density for momentum and energy flow. Here we show that the symmetry of the…
Electromagnetic force and torque are typically derived from a stress tensor in conjunction with Maxwell's equations of classical electrodynamics. In some instances, the Principle of Least Action (built around a Lagrangian) can be used to…
Axion electrodynamics is based upon the Lagrangian of the electromagnetic (EM) field plus its interaction with the axions, and is accordingly a physically open system. It means that the four-divergence of the EM energy-momentum tensor is…
We derive a generalized Minkowski Energy Momentum Tensor for a monochromatic wave in a lossless medium exhibiting temporal and spatial dispersion. The Energy Momentum Tensor is then related to familiar expressions for energy density and…
We find that the energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetic waves in media is very similar to that of ordinary fluids, and concepts such as density, pressure, and energy transfer rate can be similarly defined. On this basis, we conducted a…
Detailed study of the energy and momentum carried by the electromagnetic field can be a source of clues to possible new physics underlying the Maxwell Equations. But such study has been impeded by expressions for the parameters of the…
We discuss a puzzle in relativistic spin hydrodynamics; in the previous formulation the spin source from the antisymmetric part of the canonical energy-momentum tensor (EMT) is crucial. The Belinfante improved EMT is pseudo-gauge…
We clarify the relation between canonical and metric energy-momentum tensors. In particular, we show that a natural definition arises from Noether's Theorem which directly leads to a symmetric and gauge invariant tensor for electromagnetic…
In moving electromagnetic systems, electromagnetic momentum calculated from the vector potential is shown to be proportional to the field energy of the system. The momentum thus obtained is shown actually to be the same as derived from a…
It is shown that the necessary criterion for choosing the energy-momentum tensor of a physical system is the form of its linear invariant, which should be the lagrangian of this physical system. Examples of energy-momentum tensors that meet…
It is pointed out that the previous energy-momentum tensors of Minkowski and Abraham for the electromagnetic field in continuous media are based on a covariant formulation which does not reflect a symmetry inherent to the system. Instead,…
We present a new type of energy-momentum tensor and angular momentum tensor. They are motivated by a special consideration in quantum measurement: Given a wave in mutual eigen-state of more than one physical observables, the corresponding…
We address the long-standing controversy regarding the correct description of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor in media and its consequences for the Casimir force. The latter being due to the zero-point momentum of the…
A set of lattice operators for the energy-momentum (EM) tensor in the Ising CFT is derived in the spin variables. Our expression works under arbitrary affine transformation both on triangular and hexagonal lattices (where the former…