Related papers: Fluctuations in the Canonical Ensemble
Partition functions, multiplicity distributions, and isospin fluctuations are calculated for canonical ensembles in which additive quantum numbers as well as total isospin are strictly conserved. When properly accounting for Bose-Einstein…
We describe in detail a mathematical framework in which statistical ensembles of hybrid classical-quantum systems can be properly described. We show how a maximum entropy principle can be applied to derive the microcanonical ensemble of…
At finite temperature, conserved charges undergo thermal fluctuations in a quantum many-body system in the grand canonical ensemble. The full structure of the fluctuations of the total U(1) charge $Q$ can be succinctly captured by the…
We present continuum extrapolated lattice results for the higher order fluctuations of conserved charges in high temperature Quantum Chromodynamics. Through the matching of the grand canonical ensemble on the lattice to the net charge and…
In ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable. The resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only this average is used. Only recently the noise has been measured to extract physical…
We study fluctuations of particle number in the presence of critical point by utilizing molecular dynamics simulations of the classical Lennard-Jones fluid in a periodic box. The numerical solution of the $N$-body problem naturally…
An asymptotic expansions for the grand partition function of ideal Bose gas in the canonical ensemble with arbitrary number of particles is obtained. It is shown that the expressions found are valid in the whole temperature region, the…
We point out that in the context of quantum fields in time dependent classical backgrounds, the number of created particles with a given momentum largely deviates about its mean value. Since the corresponding Fourier modes are nonlocal,…
The study of fluctuations of particle multiplicities in relativistic heavy-ion reactions has drawn much attention in recent years, because they have been proposed as a probe for underlying dynamics and possible formation of quark-gluon…
The multiplicity fluctuations are studied in the van der Waals excluded volume hadron-resonance gas model. The calculations are done in the grand canonical ensemble within the Boltzmann statistics approximation. The scaled variances for…
Observing finite regions of a bigger system is a common experience, from microscopy to molecular simulations. In the latter especially, there is ongoing interest in predicting thermodynamic properties from tracking fluctuations in finite…
We present results on bulk thermodynamic quantities as well as net baryon number, strangeness and electric charge fluctuations in QCD at non-zero density and temperature obtained from lattice calculations with almost physical quark masses…
We use the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian to study quantum fluctuations in canonical equilibrium ensembles of bosonic Josephson junctions at relatively high temperatures, comparing the results for finite particle numbers to the classical limit…
We study the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition in a weakly interacting gas through a perturbative analysis of finite systems. In both the grand canonical and the canonical ensembles, perturbation theory suffers from infrared…
We derive the fluctuation theorem for quantum-state statistics that can be obtained when we initially measure the total energy of a quantum system at thermal equilibrium, let the system evolve unitarily, and record the quantum-state data…
Higher moments of distributions of net charge and baryon number in heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as signals of fundamental QCD phase transitions. In order to better understand background processes for these observables, models are…
What is the major difference between large and small systems? At small length-scales the dynamics is dominated by fluctuations, whereas at large scales fluctuations are irrelevant. Therefore, any thermodynamically consistent description of…
The statistical mechanics of quarks and gluons are investigated within the context of the canonical ensemble. Recursive techniques are developed which enforce the exact conservation of baryon number, total isospin, electric charge,…
In energetic heavy ion collisions, if quark-gluon plasma is formed, its hadronization may lead to observable critical fluctuations, i.e., DCC formation. The strength and observability of these fluctuations depend on the initial state. Here…
I present a theoretical model of a quantum statistical ensemble for which, unlike in conventional physics, the total number of particles is extremely small. The thermodynamical quantities are calculated by taking a small $N$ by virtue of…