Related papers: Thermodynamic Variables from Spectator Decay
We present the first microscopic calculation of the spectator fragmentation observed in heavy ion reactions at relativistic energies which reproduces the slope of the kinetic energy spectra of the fragments as well as their multiplicity,…
Isotope temperatures from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and carbon isotopic yields, and excited-state temperatures from yield ratios of particle-unstable resonances in 4He, 5Li, and 8Be, were determined for…
Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction Au + Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of $^{3,4}$He and $^{6,7}$Li isotopes and pairs of $^{3,4}$He and H isotopes (p, d…
New results for the strength of the symmetry energy are presented which illustrate the complementary aspects encountered in reactions probing nuclear densities below and above saturation. A systematic study of isotopic effects in spectator…
We report on new measurements of breakup temperatures for target spectators from 197Au + 197Au reactions at 1000 MeV per nucleon. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most…
We investigate the thermodynamical properties of nuclear matter in heavy ion collisions, in particular with respect to questions of thermodynamical instability, phase transitions and fragmentation. For this we analyze results of…
A systematic study of isotopic effects in the break-up of projectile spectators at relativistic energies has been performed at the GSI laboratory with the ALADiN spectrometer coupled to the LAND neutron detector. Besides a primary beam of…
In this study, variations with respect to temperature of the increments of enthalpy and Gibbs energy, arising in the dissolution of proteins in water, have been investigated by the methods of statistical thermodynamics. In this formalism,…
Isotopic effects in projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies have been studied with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. Stable and radioactive Sn and La beams with an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon have been used in…
We analyze the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport calculations of heavy--ion reactions. In particular we determine temperatures and radial flow parameters from an analysis of fragment energy spectra and compare to local…
Kinetic energies of light fragments A <= 10 from the decay of target spectators in 197Au 197Au collisions at 1000 MeV per nucleon have been measured with high-resolution telescopes at backward angles. Except for protons and apart from the…
Proton-proton correlations and correlations of protons, deuterons and tritons with alpha particles from spectator decays following 197Au + 197Au collisions at 1000 MeV per nucleon have been measured with two highly efficient detector…
We analyze the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport descriptions of heavy ion reactions. We determine thermodynamical variables from an analysis of local momentum space distributions and compare to blast model parameters…
We investigate thermodynamic properties and instability conditions in intermediate energy heavy ion reactions. We define locally thermodynamic variables, i.e. density, pressure and temperature, directly from the phase space distribution of…
Using the quantum molecular dynamics approach, we analyze the results of the recent INDRA Au+Au experiments at GSI in the energy range between 60 AMeV and 150 AMeV. It turns out that in this energy region the transition toward a…
The N/Z dependence of projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies has been studied with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at the GSI Schwerionen Synchrotron (SIS). Stable and radioactive Sn and La beams with an incident energy of 600…
The properties of statistical ensembles with abelian charges close to the thermodynamic limit are discussed. The finite volume corrections to the probability distributions and particle density moments are calculated. Results are obtained…
The A/Z dependence of projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies has been studied with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. A stable beam of 124Sn and radioactive beams of 124La and 107Sn at 600 MeV per nucleon have been used in…
In peripheral high-energy heavy-ion collisions only parts of colliding nuclei interact leading to the production of a fireball. The remnants of such nuclei are called spectators. We estimated the excitation energy as a function of impact…
We aim to study the participant-spectator matter over a wide range of energies of vanishing flow and masses. For this, we employed different model parameters at central and semi-central colliding geometries. Remarkably, a nearly mass…