Related papers: Thermodynamic Variables from Spectator Decay
The temperature characteristics of carbon spectator fragments formed in carbon collisions with carbon nuclei at a primary momentum of 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon were presented and discussed on corrected experimental data. As well as studied the…
In peripheral heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies, usually only parts of the colliding nuclei effectively interact with each other. In the overlapping zone, a fireball or quark-gluon plasma is produced. The excitation energy…
We study the participant-spectator matter, density and temperature reached in heavy-ion reactions of neutron-rich systems having N/Z varying from 1.0 to 2.0 at 50 and 250 MeV/nucleon. The N/Z dependence of these quantities is also…
In this paper, some equations are derived to describe the out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics of colloidal suspensions. These results are obtained assuming that the properties of the colloids essentially come from their surfaces which are…
We study the participant-spectator matter at the energy of vanishing flow for neutron-rich systems. Our study reveals similar behaviour of articipant-spectator for neutron-rich systems as for stable systems and also points towards nearly…
The thermodynamics of an electrically charged, multicomponent fluid with spontaneous electric dipoles and magnetic moments is analysed in the presence of electromagnetic fields. Taking into account the chemical composition of the current…
We aim to study the participant-spectator matter over a wide range of energies of vanish- ing flow and masses. For this, we have employed different model parameters at central and semi-central colliding geometries. A nearly mass independent…
A systematic study of isotopic effects in the break-up of projectile spectators at relativistic energies has been performed with the ALADiN spectrometer at the GSI laboratory. Searching for signals of criticality in the fragment production…
Thermodynamical features of Xe system is investigated as functions of temperature and freeze-out density in the frame of lattice gas model. The calculation shows different temperature dependence of physical observables at different…
Isoscaling and its relation to the symmetry energy in the fragmentation of excited residues produced at relativistic energies were studied in two experiments conducted at the GSI laboratory. The INDRA multidetector has been used to detect…
Thermodynamic formulas for investigating systems with density and/or temperature dependent particle masses are generally derived from the fundamental derivation equality of thermodynamics. Various problems in the previous treatments are…
We study the behavior of participant and spectator matter and thermalization in neutron rich systems at the energy of vanishing flow. Our study indicates that participant-spectator matter follows a similar behavior for neutron-rich systems…
An detailed study of the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport calculations of heavy--ion reactions is presented. In particular we determine temperatures from an analysis of the local momentum space distribution on one hand,…
The nuclear thermodynamic observables like the temperature, volume and the specific heat as obtained from isotopic ratios in hot disassembled nuclear matter are examined in the light of the S-matrix approach to the nuclear equation of…
The formation of the projectile spectator and the fragmentation processes in 107,124Sn + 120Sn collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon are studied with the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model. The minimum spanning tree algorithm…
Thermodynamics of crystalline materials is analyzed using strain volumes, an incremental tensorial state variable which is the volume per unit mass multiplied by the incremental strain.
We suggest that low energy electrons, released by resonant decay processes, experience substantial scattering on the electron density of excited electrons, which remain a spectator during the decay. As a result, the angular emission…
We present an example counter to the widely-accepted concept on equilibrium states that "Any thermodynamic equilibrium state of two component systems is determined by specifying 4 thermodynamic variables that include at least 1 extensive…
In peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions highly excited spectators containing Lambda-hyperons can be produced. Such strange spectator matter may undergo a break-up into many fragments (multifragmentation) as it is well…
Proton-proton correlations from spectator decays following Au + Au collisions at 1000 AMeV have been measured with an highly efficient detector hodoscope. The constructed correlation functions indicate a moderate expansion and low breakup…