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We review some occurrences of Painlev\'e II transcendents in the study of two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory, fluctuation formulas for growth models, and as distribution functions within random matrix theory. We first discuss settings in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Peter J. Forrester , Nicholas S. Witte

We elaborate a systematic way to obtain higher order contributions in the nonlinear steepest descent method for Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with homogeneous Painleve II equation. The problem is reformulated as a matrix factorization…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-06-23 N. Iorgov , Yu. Zhuravlov

In this paper, using Mountain Pass Lemma and Linking Argument, we prove the existence of nontrivial weak solutions for the Dirichlet problem for the superlinear equation of Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type in the case where the parameter…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Benjin Xuan

In 2007, Alekseev-Meinrenken proved that there exists a Ginzburg-Weinstein diffeomorphism from the dual Lie algebra ${\rm u}(n)^*$ to the dual Poisson Lie group $U(n)^*$ compatible with the Gelfand-Zeitlin integrable systems. In this paper,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-01-30 Xiaomeng Xu

This paper aims to study the q-analogue of the Sturm Liouville problem and to give an asymptotic behaviour at infinity for its solution '. Additionally, we establish an asymptotic expansion of the q-Bessel function $j_\alpha$ for $\alpha…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ahmed Fitouhi , Akram Nemri , Meniar Haddad

We study the two-phase, horizontally periodic, quasistationary Stokes flow in two dimensions driven by surface tension and gravity effects in the general context of fluids with (possibly) different viscosities and densities. The sharp…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Daniel Böhme , Bogdan-Vasile Matioc

We study the full asymptotic expansion of the monodromy data ({\it i.e.}, Stokes multipliers) for the first Painlev\'{e} transcendent (PI) with large initial data or large pole parameters. Our primary approach involves refining the complex…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-01-23 Wen-Gao Long , Yun-Jiang Jiang , Yu-Tian Li

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions to a class of weighted quasilinear elliptic equations which arise from the Euler--Lagrange equation associated with the Caffarelli--Kohn--Nirenberg inequality. We obtain sharp pointwise…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Shaya Shakerian , Jérôme Vétois

We investigate the long-time asymptotic behavior of a class of solutions to the defocusing Manakov system under nonzero boundary conditions. These solutions are characterized by a $3 \times 3$ matrix Riemann Hilbert problem. We find that…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2026-03-20 Haibing Zhang , Xianguo Geng , Ruomeng Li , Huan Liu

The first five classical Painlev\'e equations are known to have solutions described by divergent asymptotic power series near infinity. Here we prove that such solutions also exist for the infinite hierarchy of equations associated with the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-11-07 N. Joshi , M. Mazzocco

We show that the Kontsevich integral on $n\times n$ matrices ($n< \infty$) is the isomonodromic tau function associated to a $2\times 2$ Riemann--Hilbert problem. The approach allows us to gain control of the analysis of the convergence as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Marco Bertola , Mattia Cafasso

We investigate the Cauchy problem for the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation \begin{equation} iq_t(x,t)+q_{xx}(x,t)+2|q(x,t)|^2q(x,t)=0,\quad x\in\mathbb{R},\quad t\ge0,\nonumber \end{equation} subject to initial data $ q(x,0)$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Ruihong ma , Engui Fan

For the fifth Painlev\'e transcendents an asymptotic representation by the Jacobi $\mathrm{sn}$-function is presented in cheese-like strips along generic directions near the point at infinity. Its elliptic main part may be understood to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Shun Shimomura

We consider the Cauchy problem for the classical Hirota equation on the line with decaying initial data. Based on the spectral analysis of the Lax pair of the Hirota equation, we first expressed the solution of the Cauchy problem in terms…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Weikang Xun , Luman Ju , Engui Fan

We study singularity formation in nonlinear differential equations of order $m\leqslant 2$, $y^{(m)}=A(x^{-1},y)$. We assume $A$ is analytic at $(0,0)$ and $\partial_y A(0,0)=\lambda\ne 0$ (say, $\lambda=(-1)^m$). If $m=1$ we assume…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 O. Costin

This paper is a continuation of our analysis, begun in arXiv:1310.2276, of the rational solutions of the inhomogeneous Painleve-II equation and associated rational solutions of the homogeneous coupled Painleve-II system in the limit of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-06-19 Robert J. Buckingham , Peter D. Miller

The increasing tritronqu\'ee solutions of the Painlev\'e-II equation with parameter $\alpha$ exhibit square-root asymptotics in the maximally-large sector $|\arg(x)|<\tfrac{2}{3}\pi$ and have recently appeared in applications where it is…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-11-16 Peter D. Miller

In this paper, we consider Cauchy problem for the modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy on the real line with decaying initial data. Using the Riemann--Hilbert formulation and nonlinear steepest descent method, we derive a uniform asymptotic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Lin Huang , Lun Zhang

For more than a century, the Painlev\'e I equation has played an important role in both physics and mathematics. Its two-parameter family of solutions was studied in many different ways, yet still leads to new surprises and discoveries. Two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-23 Alexander van Spaendonck , Marcel Vonk

The Stokes phenomenon is the apparent discontinuous change in the form of the asymptotic expansion of a function across certain rays in the complex plane, known as Stokes lines, as additional expansions, pre-factored by exponentially small…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-12-14 Gergő Nemes