Related papers: A knotted minimal tree

We give a short proof of Bing's characterization of $S^3$: a compact, connected 3-manifold $M$ is $S^3$ if and only if every knot in $M$ is isotopic into a ball.

In the first paper of the Graph Minors series [JCTB '83], Robertson and Seymour proved the Forest Minor theorem: the $H$-minor-free graphs have bounded pathwidth if and only if $H$ is a forest. In recent years, considerable effort has been…

We survey what is known about minimal surfaces in $\bold R^3 $ that are complete, embedded, and have finite total curvature. The only classically known examples of such surfaces were the plane and the catenoid. The discovery by Costa, early…

In the present paper we propose a geometric model of the twisted K-theory corresponding to elements of finite order in $H^3(X, \mathbb{Z})\times [X, \BBSU_\otimes]$.

The Small Ball Inequality is a conjectural lower bound on sums the L-infinity norm of sums of Haar functions supported on dyadic rectangles of a fixed volume in the unit cube. The conjecture is fundamental to questions in discrepancy…

We study the smallest possible number of points in a topological space having k open sets. Equivalently, this is the smallest possible number of elements in a poset having k order ideals. Using efficient algorithms for constructing a…

Let $LHT$ be a left handed trefoil knot and $K$ be any knot. We define $M_n(K)$ to be the homology $3$-sphere which is represented by a simple link of $LHT$ and $LHT \sharp K$ with framings $0$ and $n$ respectively. Starting with this link,…

Early last century witnessed both the complete classification of 2-dimensional manifolds and a proof that classification of 4-dimensional manifolds is undecidable, setting up 3-dimensional manifolds as a central battleground of topology to…

Tight triangulations are exotic, but highly regular objects in combinatorial topology. A triangulation is tight if all its piecewise linear embeddings into a Euclidean space are as convex as allowed by the topology of the underlying…

By the Fox's re-embedding theorem, any compact submanifold of the 3-sphere can be re-embedded in the 3-sphere so that it is unknotted. It is unknown whether the Fox's re-embedding can be replaced with twistings. In this paper, we will show…

A (pseudo-)metric $D$ on a finite set $X$ is said to be a `tree metric' if there is a finite tree with leaf set $X$ and non-negative edge weights so that, for all $x,y \in X$, $D(x,y)$ is the path distance in the tree between $x$ and $y$.…

A convex body $R$ in $\mathbb R^d$ is called reduced if the minimal width $\Delta(R')$ of each convex body $R'\subset R$ different from $R$ is strictly smaller than the minimal width $\Delta(R)$ of $R$. In this article we construct a…

Given a graph $G$ and sets $\{\alpha_v~|~v \in V(G)\}$ and $\{\beta_v~|~v \in V(G)\}$ of non-negative integers, it is known that the decision problem whether $G$ contains a spanning tree $T$ such that $\alpha_v \le d_T (v) \le \beta_v $ for…

In this paper we study rational real algebraic knots in $\R P^3$. We show that two real algebraic knots of degree $\leq5$ are rigidly isotopic if and only if their degrees and encomplexed writhes are equal. We also show that any irreducible…

We propose the following conjecture: For every fixed $\alpha\in [0,\frac 13)$, each graph of minimum degree at least $(1+\alpha)\frac k2$ and maximum degree at least $2(1-\alpha)k$ contains each tree with $k$ edges as a subgraph. Our main…

In contrast with knots, whose properties depend only on their extrinsic topology in $S^3$, there is a rich interplay between the intrinsic structure of a graph and the extrinsic topology of all embeddings of the graph in $S^3$ . For…

We present a new theory which describes the collection of all tunnels of tunnel number 1 knots in the 3-sphere (up to orientation-preserving equivalence in the sense of Heegaard splittings) using the disk complex of the genus-2 handlebody…

We extend techniques due to Pardon to show that there is a lower bound on the distortion of a knot in $\mathbb{R}^3$ proportional to the minimum of the bridge distance and the bridge number of the knot. We also exhibit an infinite family of…

The theory of tunnel number 1 knots detailed in our previous paper, The tree of knot tunnels, provides a non-negative integer invariant called the depth of the tunnel. We give various results related to the depth invariant. Noting that it…

For a tree $T$, the subtree polynomial of $T$ is the generating polynomial for the number of subtrees of $T$. We show that the complex roots of the subtree polynomial are contained in the disk $\left\{z\in\mathbb{C}\colon\ |z|\leq…