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Rademacher's Theorem can be interpreted as an almost-everywhere \emph{little-$o$ improvement principle}: if a function admits a uniform pointwise first-order Lipschitz control at every point, then this control improves to a vanishing one at…
In this paper, we introduce the notion of a $\gamma$-density point for Lebesgue-measurable subsets of $\mathbb{R}$, where $\gamma$ is a modulus function, and study its basic measure-theoretic properties. We show that every $\gamma$-density…
A causal set is a partially ordered set on a countably infinite ground-set such that each element is above finitely many others. A natural extension of a causal set is an enumeration of its elements which respects the order. We bring…
We investigate the following questions: Given a measure $\mu_\Lambda$ on configurations on a subset $\Lambda$ of a lattice $\mathbb{L}$, where a configuration is an element of $\Omega^\Lambda$ for some fixed set $\Omega$, does there exist a…
Motivated by Leinster-Cobbold measures of biodiversity, the notion of the spread of a finite metric space is introduced. This is related to Leinster's magnitude of a metric space. Spread is generalized to infinite metric spaces equipped…
We consider some classes of piecewise expanding maps in finite dimensional spaces having invariant probability measures which are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure. We derive an entropy formula for such measures and,…
Some parts of stochastic analysis on curved spaces are revisted. A concise proof of the quasi-invariance of the Wiener measure on the path spaces over a Riemannian manifold is presented. The shifts are allowed to be in the Cameron-Martin…
The problem of estimating, from a random sample of points, the dimension of a compact subset $S$ of the Euclidean space is considered. The emphasis is put on consistency results in the statistical sense. That is, statements of convergence…
It is well-known that a random variable, i.e., a function defined on a probability space, with values in a Borel space, can be represented on the special probability space consisting of the unit interval with Lebesgue measure. We show an…
Convolution is a ubiquitous operation in mathematics and computing. The Kripke semantics for substructural and interval logics motivates its study for quantale-valued functions relative to ternary relations. The resulting notion of…
We propose a deepening of the relativity principle according to which the invariant arena for non-quantum physics is a phase space rather than spacetime. Descriptions of particles propagating and interacting in spacetimes are constructed by…
L^p spaces of mappings taking values in arbitrary metric spaces, which we call nonlinear Lebesgue spaces, play an important role in several fields of mathematics. For instance, membership in these spaces is typically required for transport…
A semi-measure is a generalization of a probability measure obtained by relaxing the additivity requirement to super-additivity. We introduce and study several randomness notions for left-c.e. semi-measures, a natural class of effectively…
As animals interact with their environments, they must infer properties of their surroundings. Some animals, including humans, can represent uncertainty about those properties. But when, if ever, do they use probability distributions to…
Given a map from a rectangle in the n-dimensional real Euclidean space into a metric semigroup, we introduce a concept of the total variation, which generalizes a similar concept due to T. H. Hildebrandt (1963) for real functions of two…
We study invariant measures for random countable (finite or infinite) conformal iterated function systems (IFS) with arbitrary overlaps. We do not assume any type of separation condition. We prove, under a mild assumption of finite entropy,…
A method is given for quantitatively rating the social acceptance of different options which are the matter of a preferential vote. In contrast to a previous article, here the individual votes are allowed to be incomplete, that is, they…
We consider the classical concept of time of permanence and observe that its quantum equivalent is described by a bona fide self-adjoint operator. Its interpretation, by means of the spectral theorem, reveals that we have to abandon not…
Quantum theory is indeterministic, but not completely so. When a system is in a pure state there are properties it possesses with certainty, known as actual properties. The actual properties of a quantum system (in a pure state) fully…
This article examines differentiability properties of the value function of positioning choice problems, a class of optimisation problems in finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces. We show that positioning choice problems' value function is…