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Related papers: Collatz's "3x+1" problem and iterative maps on int…

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The dynamics of coupled intermittent maps is used to model the correlated structure of genomic sequences. The use of intermittent maps, as opposed to other simple chaotic maps, is particularly suited for the production of long range…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-05 Astero Provata , Christian Beck

The $3x+1$ map $T$ is defined on the $2$-adic integers $\mathbb{Z}_2$ by $T(x)=x/2$ for even $x$ and $T(x)=(3x+1)/2$ for odd $x$. It is still unproved that under iteration of $T$ the trajectory of any rational $2$-adic integer is eventually…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-01 Josefina López , Peter Stoll

We explore the Collatz conjecture and its variants through the lens of termination of string rewriting. We construct a rewriting system that simulates the iterated application of the Collatz function on strings corresponding to mixed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Emre Yolcu , Scott Aaronson , Marijn J. H. Heule

We study the set of image tuples arising from fixed cameras observing varying planar 3-dimensional point configurations. We derive a formula for the number of complex critical points of the triangulation problem, which seeks to reconstruct…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Petr Hrubý , Elima Shehu

Kaczmarz's alternating projection method has been widely used for solving a consistent (mostly over-determined) linear system of equations Ax=b. Because of its simple iterative nature with light computation, this method was successfully…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2014-07-22 Tim Wallace , Ali Sekmen

Iterative algorithms aimed at solving some problems are discussed. For certain problems, such as finding a common point in the intersection of a finite number of convex sets, there often exist iterative algorithms that impose very little…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-09-28 Y. Censor , R. Davidi , G. T. Herman

We propose an inverse approach for dealing with interval maps based on the manner whereby their branches are related (folding property), instead of addressing the map equations as a whole. As a main result, we provide a symmetry-breaking…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2014-11-13 Roberto Venegeroles

In this paper we are shown the following facts: The probability of increased $ A_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})>T^{k-1} (x_{0})) $, and the probability of decrease $B_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})<T^{k-1} (x_{0}))$ in step $ k $ of a Collataz procedure…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Denis Martínez Tápanes , Jose E. Martínez Serra

In this paper, we focus attention on extending the topological conjugacy of adding machine maps and minimal systems to iterated function systems. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an iterated function system to be…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Mehdi Fatehi Nia

If dividing by $p$ is a mistake, multiply by $q$ and translate, and so you'll live to iterate. We show that if we define a Collatz-like map in this form then, under suitable conditions on $p$ and $q$, almost all orbits of this map attain…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Felipe Gonçalves , Rachel Greenfeld , Jose Madrid

This paper gives an heuristic lower bound for the number of integers connected to 1 and less than $x$, $\theta(x) > 0.9x,$ in the context of the $3n+1$ problem.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Jean-Jacques Daudin

We introduce and investigate an iterative scheme for approximating common fixed point of a family of Bregman relatively-nonexpansive mappings in real reflexive Banach spaces. We prove strong convergence theorem of the sequence generated by…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Oladipo Abiodun Timoye , Enyinnaya Ekuma-Okereke

Using $p$-adic numbers, we partially categorize the cycles of a sizable class of polynomial dynamical systems. In turn, we prove a few results related to the non-trivial cycles of the $\textit{Collatz map}$ $\text{Col} : \mathbb{Z}_+ \to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-03-24 Vinny Pagano

We show that the iterated images of a Jacobian pair stabilize; that is, the k-th iterates of a polynomial map of complex two-space to itself with a nonzero constant Jacobian determinant all have the same image for sufficiently large k. More…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-01-24 Ronen Peretz , Nguyen Van Chau , Carlos Gutierrez , L. Andrew Campbell

The Collatz iteration is governed by two distinct update rules, depending on the parity of the current iterate: n(i+1)=3n(i)+1 for odd n(i), and n(i+1)=n(i)/2 for even n(i). We show that these rules can be written equivalently as a single…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Katharina Lodders

The matching of multiple objects (e.g. shapes or images) is a fundamental problem in vision and graphics. In order to robustly handle ambiguities, noise and repetitive patterns in challenging real-world settings, it is essential to take…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Florian Bernard , Johan Thunberg , Paul Swoboda , Christian Theobalt

Iterative equation is an equality with an unknown function and its iterates. There were not found a result on iterative equations with multiplication of iterates of the unknown function on $\mathbb{R}$. In this paper we use an exponential…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-05-10 Chaitanya Gopalakrishna , Murugan Veerapazham , Suyun Wang , Weinian Zhang

We investigate transformer prediction of long Collatz steps, a complex arithmetic function that maps odd integers to their distant successors in the Collatz sequence ( $u_{n+1}=u_n/2$ if $u_n$ is even, $u_{n+1}=(3u_n+1)/2$ if $u_n$ is odd).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 François Charton , Ashvni Narayanan

Motivated by a recent work of Tr\"umper we consider the general Collatz word (up-down pattern) and the sequences following this pattern. The recurrences for the first and last sequence entries are given, obtained from repeated application…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-04 Wolfdieter Lang

In this paper we study the structure of the graphs associated with the iterations of the map $x \mapsto x+x^{-1}$ over finite fields of characteristic three.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-06 Simone Ugolini