Related papers: Note on the Radicals of Numbers

We consider the problem of characterizing all functions $f$ defined on the set of integers modulo $n$ with the property that an average of some $n$th roots of unity determined by $f$ is always an algebraic integer. Examples of such…

A nonempty finite set of positive integers A is relatively prime if gcd(A) = 1 and it is relatively prime to n if gcd(A [ fng) = 1. The number of nonempty subsets of A which are relatively prime to n is \Phi(A, n) and the number of such…

We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an algebraic set in a group to have a fully characteristic radical. As a result, we see that if the radical of a system of equation $S$ over a group $G$ is fully characteristic, then there…

We show that for large integers $n$, whose ratios of consecutive divisors are bounded above by an arbitrary constant, the number of prime factors follows an approximate normal distribution, with mean $C \log_2 n$ and variance $V \log_2 n$,…

Let $f(x) = \sum\limits _{i=0}^{n} a_i x^i $ be a polynomial with coefficients from the ring $\mathbb{Z}$ of integers satisfying either $(i)$ $0 < a_0 \leq a_{1} \leq \cdots \leq a_{k-1} < a_{k} < a_{k+1} \leq \cdots \leq a_n$ for some $k$,…

Let $p_n$ be the $n$th prime, and consider the sequence $s_n = (2\cdot3\cdots p_n)^{1/n} = (p_n\#)^{1/n}$, the geometric mean of the first $n$ primes. We give a short proof that $p_n/s_n \to e$, a result conjectured by Vrba (2010) and…

Let $G$ be a commutative connected algebraic group over a number field $K$, let $A$ be a finitely generated and torsion-free subgroup of $G(K)$ of rank $r>0$ and, for $n>1$, let $K(n^{-1}A)$ be the smallest extension of $K$ inside an…

For a radical extension K of odd prime degree the ring O_K of integers is constructed as a product of subrings with the following property: for all prime divisors q of the discriminant of O_K there is a q-maximal factor. The discriminant of…

When the sequences of squares of primes is coloured with $K$ colours, where $K \geq 1$ is an integer, let $s(K)$ be the smallest integer such that each sufficiently large integer can be written as a sum of no more than $s(K)$ squares of…

It is shown that if the ring of constants of a restricted differential Lie algebra with a quasi-Frobenius inner part satisfies a polynomial identity (PI) then the original prime ring has a generalized polynomial identitiy (GPI). If…

Let $K$ be a number field of degree $n$ with ring of integers $O_K$. By means of a criterion of Gilmer for polynomially dense subsets of the ring of integers of a number field, we show that, if $h\in K[X]$ maps every element of $O_K$ of…

We determine the density of monic integer polynomials of given degree $n>1$ that have squarefree discriminant; in particular, we prove for the first time that the lower density of such polynomials is positive. Similarly, we prove that the…

Given a polynomial f(z) = z^d + c over a global field K and a_0 in K, we study the density of prime ideals of K dividing at least one element of the orbit of a_0 under f. The density of such sets for linear polynomials has attracted much…

Let ${\mathcal P}_k$ denote the set of all algebraic polynomials of degree at most $k$ with real coefficients. Let ${\mathcal P}_{n,k}$ be the set of all algebraic polynomials of degree at most $n+k$ having exactly $n+1$ zeros at $0$. Let…

Let $S$ be an algebraic semigroup (not necessarily linear) defined over a field $F$. We show that there exists a positive integer $n$ such that $x^n$ belongs to a subgroup of $S(F)$ for any $x \in S(F)$. In particular, the semigroup $S(F)$…

Consider a polynomial of large degree n whose coefficients are independent, identically distributed, nondegenerate random variables having zero mean and finite moments of all orders. We show that such a polynomial has exactly k real zeros…

In this paper we study graded ideals I in a polynomial ring S such that the numerical function f(k)=depth(S/I^k) is constant. We show that, if (i) the Rees algebra of I is Cohen-Macaulay, (ii) the cohomological dimension of I is not larger…

Let $P(X)\in\mathbb{Z}[X]$ be an irreducible, monic, quartic polynomial with cyclic or dihedral Galois group. We prove that there exists a constant $c_P>0$ such that for a positive proportion of integers $n$, $P(n)$ has a prime factor $\ge…

Let a(n,k) be the kth coefficient of the nth cyclotomic polynomial. The first two authors showed in part I that if m is a prime power and n and k range over the non-negative integers, then a(mn,k) assumes every integer value. Here this…

Although the prime numbers are deterministic, they can be viewed, by some measures, as pseudo-random numbers. In this article, we numerically study the pair statistics of the primes using statistical-mechanical methods, especially the…