Related papers: Neutrosophic Rings
This paper is a guide for the pure mathematician who would like to know more about cryptography based on group theory. The paper gives a brief overview of the subject, and provides pointers to good textbooks, key research papers and recent…
This paper introduces two new Burnside rings for a finite group $G$, called the slice Burnside ring and the section Burnside ring. They are built as Grothendieck rings of the category of morphisms of $G$-sets, and of Galois morphisms of…
Let S be a set of 2n+1 points in the plane such that no three are collinear and no four are concyclic. A circle will be called point-splitting if it has 3 points of S on its circumference, n-1 points in its interior and n-1 in its exterior.…
Let $L$ be the language of rings. We provide an axiomatization of the $L$-theories of quaternions and octonions and characterize their models: they coincide, up to isomorphism, with quaternion and octonion algebras over a real closed field,…
We now know that the outer solar system is host to at least six diverse planetary ring systems, each of which is a scientifically compelling target with the potential to inform us about the evolution, history and even the internal structure…
This is the first monograph on the geometry of anisotropic spinor spaces and its applications in modern physics. The main subjects are the theory of gravity and matter fields in spaces provided with off--diagonal metrics and associated…
In this paper, we consider the problem of how to establish algebraic structures on nearness approximation spaces. Essentially, our approach is to define the nearness ring, nearness ideal and nearness ring of all weak cosets by considering…
1. Overview of neutrino astronomy: multidisciplinary science. 2. Cosmic accelerators: the highest energy cosmic rays. 3. Neutrino beam dumps: supermassive black holes and gamma ray bursts. 4. Neutrino telescopes: water and ice. 5. Indirect…
We develop almost ring theory, which is a domain of mathematics somewhere halfway between ring theory and category theory (whence the difficulty of finding appropriate MSC-class numbers). We apply this theory to valuation theory and to…
An analytical method is presented for treating the problem of a uniformly rotating, self-gravitating ring without a central body in Newtonian gravity. The method is based on an expansion about the thin ring limit, where the cross-section of…
In this paper, we compute the number of distinct centralizers of some classes of finite rings. We then characterize all finite rings with $n$ distinct centralizers for any positive integer $n \leq 5$. Further we give some connections…
Solar neutrinos, generated abundantly by thermonuclear reactions in the solar interior, offer a unique tool for studying astrophysics and particle physics. The observation of solar neutrinos has led to the discovery of neutrino oscillation,…
We systematically study those rings whose non-units are a sum of an idempotent and a nilpotent. Some crucial characteristic properties are completely described as well as some structural results for this class of rings are obtained. This…
In this paper, we introduce a new class of rings whose elements are a sum of a central element and a nilpotent element, namely, a ring $R$ is called$CN$ if each element $a$ of $R$ has a decomposition $a = c + n$ where $c$ is central and $n$…
When considering the unit group of $\mathcal{O}_F G$ ($\mathcal{O}_F$ the ring of integers of an abelian number field $F$ and a finite group $G$) certain components in the Wedderburn decomposition of $FG$ cause problems for known generic…
Invertibility is important in ring theory because it enables division and facilitates solving equations. Moreover, (nonassociative) rings can be endowed with an extra ''structure'' such as order and topology allowing more richness in the…
This review gives an introduction to various attempts to understand the quantum nature of black holes. The first part focuses on thermodynamics of black holes, Hawking radiation, and the interpretation of entropy. The second part is devoted…
The main subject of the book is an up-to-date and in-depth survey of the theory of normal frames and coordinates in differential geometry. The book can be used as a reference manual, review of the existing results and introduction to some…
This manuscript summarizes a series of three lectures on interactions of neutrinos . The lectures begin with a pedagogical foundation and then explore topics of interest to current and future neutrino oscillation and cross-section…
This book is an introduction to the nascent field of Fourier analysis on polytopes, and cones. There is a rapidly growing number of applications of these methods, so it is appropriate to invite students, as well as professionals, to the…