Related papers: Neutrosophic Rings
This is the first chapter of an introductory text under construction; further chapters are available via the authors' web pages. Our aim is to provide an elementary access to Cox rings and their applications in algebraic and arithmetic…
This is one chapter of the collection of problems in cosmology, in which we assemble the problems, with solutions, that concern one of the most distinctive features of general relativity and cosmology---the horizons. The first part gives an…
We consider the groups of regular circulant matrices over finite fields and integer residue class rings. In both cases we present a formula for the order of these groups. We also make a first step towards finding the algebraic structure of…
This survey aims to provide a guide to the literature on topological 4-manifolds. Foundational theorems on 4-manifolds are stated, especially in the topological category. Precise references are given, with indications of the strategies…
In this note, we define and investigate ideal covering numbers of associative rings (not assumed to be commutative or unital): three invariants defined as the minimal number of proper left, right, or two-sided ideals whose union equals the…
Any superrosy division ring (i.e. a division ring equipped with an abstract notion of rank) is shown to be centrally finite. Furthermore, division rings satisfying a generalized chain condition on definable subgroups are studied. In…
This paper presents fifteen problems about mapping class groups. It is an expanded and updated version of the author's preprint "Ten problems on the mapping class groups". The paper will appear in the book "Problems on Mapping Class Groups…
This book provides a gentle introduction to the study of arithmetic subgroups of semisimple Lie groups. This means that the goal is to understand the group SL(n,Z) and certain of its subgroups. Among the major results discussed in the later…
Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined by the author in 1995 and published for the first time in 2007. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is over 1},…
We introduce several commutative rings, the snake rings, that have strong connections to cluster algebras. The elements of these rings are residue classes of unions of certain labeled graphs that were used to construct canonical bases in…
74 new integer sequences are introduced in number theory, and for each of them is given a characterization, followed by open problems. each one a general question: how many primes each sequence has.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of N-pure ideal as a generalization of pure ideal. Using this concept, a new and interesting type of rings is presented, we call it mid ring. Also, we provide new characterizations for von Neumann…
Recent work on homotopy type theory exploits an exciting new correspondence between Martin-Lof's dependent type theory and the mathematical disciplines of category theory and homotopy theory. The category theory and homotopy theory suggest…
This book covers many of the recent results on group actions on the circle, with an emphasis in the differentiable case.
In \cite[Problem 72]{Fuchs60} Fuchs posed the problem of characterizing the groups which are the groups of units of commutative rings. In the following years, some partial answers have been given to this question in particular cases. In a…
Over 300 sequences and many unsolved problems and conjectures related to them are presented herein together with theorems corollaries, formulae, examples, mathematical criteria, etc. (about integer sequences, numbers, quotients, residues,…
In this book super interval matrices using the special type of intervals of the form [0, a] are introduced. Several algebraic structures like semigroups, groups, semirings, rings, semivector spaces and vector spaces are introduced. Special…
We describe all possible ways how a ring can be expressed as the union of three of its proper subrings. This is an analogue for rings of a 1926 theorem of Scorza about groups. We then determine the minimal number of proper subrings of the…
Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity and let $N$ be a nil ideal of $R$. It is shown that units of $R/N$ can be lifted to units in $R$. Under some mild conditions on the ring, a procedure is given to determine those lifted units in a…
A compact classification of the projective lines defined over (commutative) rings (with unity) of all orders up to thirty-one is given. There are altogether sixty-five different types of them. For each type we introduce the total number of…