Related papers: Neutrosophic Rings
The fourth chapter of the collection of problems in cosmology, devoted to black holes. Consists of basic introduction, sections on Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, a section on particles' motion and collisions in general black hole…
This is an introduction to rings and fields, written for a quarter-long undergraduate course. It includes the basic properties of ideals, modules, algebras and polynomials, the constructions of ring extensions and finite fields, some…
The goal of this book is to characterize algebraically the closed 4-manifolds that fibre nontrivially or admit geometries in the sense of Thurston, or which are obtained by surgery on 2-knots, and to provide a reference for the topology of…
In this book one makes an introduction to non-standard analysis in the first part, needed to the next four chapters in order to study the neutrosophics: 1. Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy. 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field…
We present five open problems in the theory of vertex rings. They cover a variety of different areas of research where vertex rings have been, or are threatening to be, relevant. They have also been chosen because I personally find them…
This is the first installment of a book on combinatorial and geometric group theory from the topological point of view. This is a classical subject. The installment contains Chapters 1, 3 and 4, and there are nine chapters in total: 1.…
This paper concerns the number of lattice points in a circle.
This book is a continuation of the book n-linear algebra of type I and its applications. Most of the properties that could not be derived or defined for n-linear algebra of type I is made possible in this new structure: n-linear algebra of…
The book is devoted to investigation of arithmetic of the matrix rings over certain classes of commutative finitely generated principal ideals domains. We mainly concentrate on constructing of the matrix factorization theory. We reveal a…
In this book, the authors introduce the notion of Super linear algebra and super vector spaces using the definition of super matrices defined by Horst (1963). This book expects the readers to be well-versed in linear algebra. Many theorems…
This book is an introduction to hyperbolic geometry in dimension three, and its applications to knot theory and to geometric problems arising in knot theory. It has three parts. The first part covers basic tools in hyperbolic geometry and…
Throughout this book, we discuss some open problems in various branches of science, including mathematics, theoretical physics, astro-physics, geophysics etc. It is of our hope that some of the problems discussed in this book will find…
In this book, the authors introduce the notion of set codes, set bicodes and set n-codes. These are the most generalized notions of semigroup n-codes and group n-codes. Several types of set n-codes are defined. Several examples are given to…
In this monograph we lay the foundation for a theory of coarse groups and coarse actions. Coarse groups are group objects in the category of coarse spaces, and can be thought of as sets with operations that satisfy the group axioms "up to…
This is a survey of some problems in geometric group theory which I find interesting. The problems are from different areas of group theory. Each section is devoted to problems in one area. It contains an introduction where I give some…
This book is addressed to students, professors and researchers of geometry, who will find herein many interesting and original results. The originality of the book The Geometry of Homological Triangles consists in using the homology of…
The attempt is to give a formal concpet of system, and with this provide a definition of category, that will also satisfy the definition of a system. An axiomatic base is given, for constructing the group of integers. In the process, we…
We present new self-gravitating solutions in five dimensions that describe circular strings, i.e., rings, electrically coupled to a two-form potential (as e.g., fundamental strings do), or to a dual magnetic one-form. The rings are…
The covering number of an associative ring $R$ is the minimal number of proper subrings whose union is $R$. We establish a strategy to classify unital rings of a given finite covering number, and obtain a classification of unital rings…
We collect some open problems about minimal presentations of numerical semigroups and, more generally, about defining ideals and free resolutions of their semigroup rings and associated graded rings. We emphasize both long-standing problems…