Related papers: Commutator rings

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $g(t) \in R[t]$ a monic polynomial. The commutative ring of polynomials $f(C_g)$ in the companion matrix $C_g$ of $g(t)$, where $f(t)\in R[t]$, is called the Companion Ring of $g(t)$. Special instances…

Let $M$ be an $R$-module and $c$ the function from $M$ to the ideals of $R$ defined by $c(x) = \cap \lbrace I \colon I \text{is an ideal of} R \text{and} x \in IM \rbrace $. $M$ is said to be a content $R$-module if $x \in c(x)M $, for all…

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and $I$ a proper ideal of $R$. The {\it ideal-based zero-divisor graph} of $R$ with respect to the ideal $I$, denoted by $\Gamma_I(R)$, is the graph on vertices $\{x \in R\setminus I \mid…

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity, and let $Z(R)$ be the set of zero-divisors of $R$. The annihilator graph of $R$ is defined as the undirected graph $AG(R)$ with the vertex set $Z(R)^*=Z(R)\setminus\{0\}$, and two distinct…

Consider the following inductively defined set. Given a collection $U$ of unit magnitude complex numbers, and a set initially containing just 0 and 1, through each point in the set, draw lines whose angles with the real axis are in $U$. Add…

The coprime commutators $\gamma_j^*$ and $\delta_j^*$ were recently introduced as a tool to study properties of finite groups that can be expressed in terms of commutators of elements of coprime orders. They are defined as follows. Let $G$…

We study matrix semigroups in which ring commutators have real spectra. We prove that irreducible semigroups with this property are simultaneously similar to semigroups of real-entried matrices. We also obtain a structure theorem for…

A ring R is said to be VNL if for any a in R, either a or 1-a is (von Neumann) regular. The class of VNL rings lies properly between the exchange rings and (von Neumann) regular rings. We characterize abelian VNL rings. We also characterize…

A *-ring $R$ is called a strongly nil-*-clean ring if every element of $R$ is the sum of a projection and a nilpotent element that commute with each other. In this article, we show that $R$ is a strongly nil-*-clean ring if and only if…

Let R be a ring, M a nonzero left R-module, X an infinite set, and E the endomorphism ring of the direct sum of copies of M indexed by X. Given two subrings S and S' of E, we will say that S is equivalent to S' if there exists a finite…

Let $R$ be a ring, and consider a left $R$-module given with two (generally infinite) direct sum decompositions, $A\oplus(\bigoplus_{i\in I} C_i)=M=B\oplus(\bigoplus_{j\in J} D_j),$ such that the submodules $A$ and $B$ and the $D_j$ are…

Let $T$ be a subset of a ring $A$, and let $M$ be an $A$-module. We study the additive subgroups $F$ of $M$ such that, for all $x \in M$, if $tx \in F$ for some $t \in T$, then $x \in F$. We call any such subset $F$ of $M$ a $T$-factroid of…

Let $G$ be a group. A ring $R$ is called a graded ring (or $G$-graded ring) if there exist additive subgroups $R_{\alpha }$ of $R$ indexed by the elements $\alpha \in G$ such that $R=\bigoplus_{\alpha \in G}R_{\alpha }$ and $R_{\alpha…

In commutative ring theory, there is a theorem of Cohen which states that if in a commutative ring all prime ideals are finitely generated then every ideal is finitely generated. However, it is known that having only maximal ideals finitely…

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The co-maximal ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $\Gamma(R)$, is a graph whose vertices are the proper ideals of $R$ which are not contained in the Jacobson radical of $R$, and two vertices $I_1$ and…

We say that a subring $R_0$ of a ring $R$ is semi-invariant if $R_0$ is the ring of invariants in $R$ under some set of ring endomorphisms of some ring containing $R$. We show that $R_0$ is semi-invariant if and only if there is a ring…

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The prime ideal sum graph of the ring $R$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is the set of nonzero proper ideals of $R$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if…

A finitely generated module C over a commutative noetherian ring R is semidualizing if Hom_R(C,C) \cong R and Ext^i_R(C,C) = 0 for all i \geq 1. For certain local Cohen-Macaulay rings (R,m), we verify the equality of Hilbert-Samuel…

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity and let $X$ be an indeterminate over $R$. The \textit{Anderson ring} of $R$ is defined as the quotient ring of the polynomial ring $R[X]$ by the set of polynomials that evaluate to $1$ at $0$.…

Let R be a commutative ring and S be an R-algebra. It is well-known that if N is an injective R-module, then Hom(S,N) is an injective S-module. The converse is not true, not even if R is a commutative noetherian local ring and S is its…