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This chapter is an introduction to the Free Fermionic Formulation of String Theory, with emphasis on heterotic model building. After a brief review of bosonization in two dimensional conformal field theories, we discuss how internal bosonic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-27 Ioannis Florakis , John Rizos

Following ideas of G. Moore and G. Segal, we explicitly construct a G-equivariant topological field theory from an arbitrary Frobenius algebra equipped with a twisted action of a finite group G.

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2008-12-25 D. Shklyarov

We show that any open 2-dimensional topological field theory valued in a symmetric monoidal $\infty$-category (with suitable colimits) extends canonically to an open-closed field theory whose value at the circle is the Hochschild homology…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Shaul Barkan , Jan Steinebrunner , Adela YiYu Zhang

We study open and unoriented strings in a Topological Membrane (TM) theory through orbifolds of the bulk 3D space. This is achieved by gauging discrete symmetries of the theory. Open and unoriented strings can be obtained from all possible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 P. Castelo Ferreira , Ian I. Kogan

We elaborate on the construction of a prequantum 2-Hilbert space from a bundle gerbe over a 2-plectic manifold, providing the first steps in a program of higher geometric quantisation of closed strings in flux compactifications and of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-13 Severin Bunk , Richard J. Szabo

It was shown by Ostrik (2003) and Natale (2017) that a collection of twisted group algebras in a pointed fusion category serve as explicit Morita equivalence class representatives of indecomposable, separable algebras in such categories. We…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Yiby Morales , Monique Müller , Julia Plavnik , Ana Ros Camacho , Angela Tabiri , Chelsea Walton

A modular object in a symmetric monoidal bicategory is a Frobenius algebra object whose product and coproduct are biadjoint, equipped with a braided structure and a compatible twist, satisfying rigidity, ribbon, pivotality, and modularity…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-05 Bruce Bartlett , Christopher L. Douglas , Christopher J. Schommer-Pries , Jamie Vicary

The recent developments in string theory suggest that the space-time coordinates should be generalized to non-commuting matrices. Postulating this suggestion as the fundamental geometrical principle, we formulate a candidate for covariant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Christiaan Hofman , Jae-Suk Park

We show that the universal measuring coalgebras between Frobenius algebras turn the category of Frobenius algebras into a Hopf category (in the sense of Batista-Caenepeel-Vercruysse), and the universal comeasuring algebras between Frobenius…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Paul Großkopf , Joost Vercruysse

A closed string worldsheet of genus $g$ with $n$ punctures can be presented as a contact interaction in which $n$ semi-infinite cylinders are glued together in a specific way via the Strebel differential on it, if $n\geq1,\ 2g-2+n>0$. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-21 Nobuyuki Ishibashi

We give a new definition of a Frobenius structure on an algebra object in a monoidal category, generalising Frobenius algebras in the category of vector spaces. Our definition allows Frobenius forms valued in objects other than the unit…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Joseph Grant , Mathew Pugh

Taking the N=2 strings as the starting point, we discuss the equivalent self-dual field theories and analyse their symmetry structure in 2+2 dimensions. Restoring the full `Lorentz' invariance in the target space necessarily leads to an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Sergei V. Ketov

In the present paper by Frobenius algebra Y we mean a finite dimensional algebra possessing an associative and invertible (nondegenerate) form a scalar product, referred to as the Frobenius structure. The nondegenerate form has an inverse.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Zbigniew Oziewicz , Gregory Peter Wene

Symmetric monoidal theories (SMTs) generalise algebraic theories in a way that make them suitable to express resource-sensitive systems, in which variables cannot be copied or discarded at will. In SMTs, traditional tree-like terms are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

A great part of the mathematical foundations of topological quantum computation is given by the theory of modular categories which provides a description of the topological phases of matter such as anyon systems. In the near future the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Juan Ospina

Coherence in a monoidal category asserts that all morphisms built from structural isomorphisms with a fixed source and target coincide. These structural isomorphisms include, in particular, the associators. Linearly distributive categories…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Max Demirdilek , Christian Reiher , Christoph Schweigert

Recently, symmetric categorical groups are used for the study of the Brauer groups of symmetric monoidal categories. As a part of these efforts, some algebraic structures of the 2-category of symmetric categorical groups $\mathrm{SCG}$ are…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-11-18 Hiroyuki Nakaoka

The main goal of this paper is to classify $\ast$-module categories for the $SO(3)_{2m}$ modular tensor category. This is done by classifying $SO(3)_{2m}$ nimrep graphs and cell systems, and in the process we also classify the $SO(3)$…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2020-06-22 David E. Evans , Mathew Pugh

We prove that the modular operad of diffeomorphism classes of Riemann surfaces with both `open' and `closed' boundary components, in the sense of string field theory, is the modular completion of its genus 0 part quotiented by the Cardy…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Martin Doubek , Martin Markl

This paper explains the conjectured algebraic duality between genus zero Gromov-Witten theory and genus zero "Closed String topology". This duality in another perspective is discussed on page 87 of the book "Frobenius manifold, quantum…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Moira Chas , Dennis Sullivan
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