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Tests such as Bell's inequality and Hardy's paradox show that joint probabilities and correlations between distant particles in quantum mechanics are inconsistent with local realistic theories. Here we experimentally demonstrate these…
The halting problem for Turing machines is decidable on a set of asymptotic probability one. Specifically, there is a set B of Turing machine programs such that (i) B has asymptotic probability one, so that as the number of states n…
This paper is concerned with the small time behaviour of a L\'{e}vy process $X$. In particular, we investigate the {\it stabilities} of the times, $\Tstarb(r)$ and $\Tbarb(r)$, at which $X$, started with $X_0=0$, first leaves the space-time…
We study computational questions related with the stability of discrete-time linear switching systems with switching sequences constrained by an automaton. We first present a decidable sufficient condition for their boundedness when the…
This paper investigates the stability of a class of differential systems time-changed by $E_{t}$ which is the inverse of a $\beta$-stable subordinator. In order to explore stability, a time-changed Gronwall's inequality and a generalized…
Reasoning about unpredicted change consists in explaining observations by events; we propose here an approach for explaining time-stamped observations by surprises, which are simple events consisting in the change of the truth value of a…
We consider decoupling inequalities for random variables taking values in a Banach space $X$. We restrict the class of distributions that appear as conditional distributions while decoupling and show that each adapted process can be…
We show somewhat unexpectedly that whenever a general Bernstein-type maximal inequality holds for partial sums of a sequence of random variables, a maximal form of the inequality is also valid.
Multi-dimensional continuous local martingales, enhanced with their stochastic area process, give rise to geometric rough paths with a.s. finite homogenous p-variation, p>2. Here we go one step further and establish quantitative bounds of…
The possible time variation of dimensionless fundamental constants of nature, such as the fine-structure constant $\alpha$, is a legitimate subject of physical enquiry. By contrast, the time variation of dimensional constants, such as…
We study occupation time statistics in ergodic continuous-time random walks. Under thermal detailed balance conditions, the average occupation time is given by the Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical law. But close to the non-ergodic phase, the…
In light of the question of finite-time blow-up vs. global well-posedness of solutions to problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations, we provide several cautionary examples which indicate that modifications to the boundary…
Formulation of the Penrose inequality becomes ambiguous when the past and future apparent horizons do cross. We test numerically several natural possibilities of stating the inequality in punctured and boosted single- and double- black…
We prove distributional limit theorems (conditional and integrated) for the occupation times of certain weakly mixing, pointwise dual ergodic transformations at "tied-down" times immediately after "excursions". The limiting random variables…
This paper studies the Hardy-type inequalities on the intervals (may be infinite) with two weights, either vanishing at two endpoints of the interval or having mean zero. For the first type of inequalities, in terms of new isoperimetric…
The transit time of mean-median orbits ---the time it takes for an orbit to become stationary--- has been conjectured to be finite but unbounded over the rationals. Through a study of some near-regular structures in these orbits, we…
We consider the ambiguity associated with the choice of clock in time reparameterization invariant theories. This arbitrariness undermines the goal of prescribing a fixed set of physical laws, since a change of time variable can completely…
In this paper we derive sharp lower and upper bounds for the covariance of two bounded random variables when knowledge about their expected values, variances or both is available. When only the expected values are known, our result can be…
We study generalized backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) up to a random time horizon $\vartheta$, which is not a stopping time, under minimal assumptions regarding the properties of $\vartheta$. In contrast to existing works…
We derive both Azuma-Hoeffding and Burkholder-type inequalities for partial sums over a rectangular grid of dimension $d$ of a random field satisfying a weak dependency assumption of projective type: the difference between the expectation…